week_5_-Fetal_pig_dissection_-external_anatomy_and_skeletal_muscle_at_shoulder_and_upper_limb

Page 1: Fetal Pig Dissection

• External Anatomy: Observation of external features, focusing on skeletal muscles at shoulder and forelimb.

Page 2: Objective

• Familiarity with Anatomy: Understand the anatomic position and direction terms.

• Identification: Identify external features of the fetal pig and determine its gender.

• Muscle Identification: Name and locate major skeletal muscles in the shoulder and forelimb, including actions based on origin, insertion, and muscle fiber direction.

Page 3: Why Fetal Pig

• Mammalian Similarities: Fetal pigs share anatomical similarities with humans.

• Structural Comparison: Major structures in pigs and humans are similar in anatomy, despite some differences.

Page 4: Fetal Pig for Dissection

• Source: Fetal pigs are by-products of the pork industry and not bred for dissection.

• Preservation: Fixed in Carolina's Perfect Solution®, which is non-toxic but has a strong odor.

• Disposal Guidelines: Tissue should be placed in a sealed bag for regular trash disposal and masks should be worn during dissection.

Page 5: Handling the Fetal Pig

• Long-term Use: The same pig is used throughout the semester. Store in the original solution after dissection.

• Labeling: Name and label your pig for easy identification in future labs.

Page 6: Dissection Definition

• True Meaning: Dissection means "to expose, to view," not just cutting.

• Techniques: Focus on probing and teasing tissues to view the anatomical structures.

• Understanding Position: Noting the position of organs for a complete understanding of systems.

Page 7: Safety Protocols

• Personal Safety Equipment: Always wear gloves, lab coats, safety goggles (or face shields), and optionally a surgical mask during dissection.

• Hygiene: Avoid placing hands near the face while handling specimens.

Page 8: Dissection Practices

• Proper Mounting: Dissection specimens should be secured in dissection trays.

• Tool Safety: Handle dissections tools with care; cut away from your body.

• Tool Usage: Use scissors for most cuts; scalpel only when necessary.

Page 9: In Case of Injury

• First Aid: Wash cuts with soap, apply ointment, and cover with a bandage.

• Emergency Procedures: Report significant cuts, dizziness, or if the cut is deep or long, seek medical assistance.

Page 10: Post-dissection Hygiene

• Decontamination: Clean dissecting trays with AMPHYL SOLUTION and rinse with water.

• Clean Benches: Use 70% isopropanol for bench cleaning.

• Hand Washing: Wash hands thoroughly before leaving class.

Page 11: Directional Terms

• Dorsal: Near the backbone.

• Ventral: Nearest to the belly.

• Caudal: Near the tail.

• Cranial: Near the head.

• Lateral: Away from the midline.

• Medial: Towards the midline.

• Proximal: Near to the trunk.

• Distal: Farthest from the trunk.

Page 12: Deltoid Muscle

• Origin: Spine of the scapula.

• Insertion: Proximal end of the humerus.

• Action: Raises the humerus.

• Location: Anterior, lateral, and dorsal sides, covering the shoulder.

Page 13: Exercise Today

• Dissection Focus: Dissect a fetal pig to locate and identify major muscles at shoulder and forelimb.

Page 14: Dissection Labs

• Anatomical Structures: Each lab includes a list of structures to locate and identify.

• Verification: After identification, call an instructor over to verify and sign off.

• Final Procedure: Return the pig to the storage solution, clean up, and leave once finished.

Page 15: External Features

• Identifiable Features (Objective 1):

  • Hip

  • Thigh

  • Tail

  • Ankle

  • Leg

  • Digits

  • Knee

  • Shoulder

  • Auricle

  • Umbilical cord

  • Mammary papillae

  • Elbow

  • Wrist

  • Eyelid

  • Rostrum

  • Tongue

  • Arm

  • Forearm

Page 16: Male vs Female

• Features:

  • Male: Scrotum, Anus, and Umbilical cord.

  • Female: Mammary papillae, Urogenital opening, and Genital papilla.

• Dissection Diagram: Suggested skin incisions to reveal musculature in male and female specimens.

Page 17: Identifying Gender

• Male Characteristics: Presence of scrotum and urogenital opening.

• Female Characteristics: Presence of mammary papillae and urogenital opening.

Page 18: Skin Removal Guidance

• Incisions: Suggested incisions for skin removal from male and female specimens for visibility.

Page 19: Recommendations for Muscle Dissection

• Preparation: Remove connective tissue for clearer observation.

• Separation Technique: Use blunt probes for separation; sharp instruments for membranes only.

• Transections: Cut superficial muscles to access deeper layers.

Page 20: Origin and Insertion of Skeletal Muscle

• Definitions:

  • Origin: Attachment points on bones that do not move during contraction.

  • Insertion: Points where the muscle attaches that cause movement.

Page 21: Muscles of Forelimb and Chest

• Adductors:

  • Pectoralis Superficialis

  • Pectoralis profundus

• Flexors:

  • Biceps

  • Brachialis

  • Flexor carpi radialis

  • Flexor carpi ulnaris

  • Flexor digitorum profundus

  • Flexor digitorum superficialis

• Actions: Flex forearm, flex wrist, or adduct forelimb.

Page 22: Pectoralis Muscles

• Superficialis & Profundus: Adduct arm to varying degrees.

  • Pectoralis Major: Large muscle under the superficial layer.

  • Pectoralis Minor: Smaller muscle underneath major.

Page 23: Flexors of Forearm

• Major Muscles:

  • Brachialis

  • Biceps

  • Extensors related to movement.

• Biceps: Provides flexion at the elbow.

Page 24: Flexors in Forelimb

• Major Flexors:

  • Flexor Carpi Radialis

  • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

  • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

• Functionality: Flex wrist and fingers, with specific roles for each muscle.

Page 25: Lateral Side Muscles

• Muscle Types:

  • Abductors: Deltoid

  • Extensors: Triceps, Extensor carpi radialis, Extensor digitorum communis, Extensor digitorum lateralis.

• Actions: Abducts or extends the forelimb and wrist.

Page 26: Abductor Muscles

• Notable Muscles:

  • Deltoid: Key muscle for shoulder movement.

  • Triceps: Extensor for elbow joint.

• Complex Descriptions: Related musculature involved in both flexion and extension of limbs.

Page 27: Extensor Muscles

• Extensor Functions:

  • Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Triceps, Extensor digitorum lateralis, Extensor carpi radialis.

• Connecting Functions: Explanation of muscle organization at anatomical regions.

Page 28: Summary of Extensor Muscles

• Extensor Locations:

  • Deltoid, Triceps, Extensor digitorum lateralis, among others.

• Connections: Understanding medial and lateral distinctions among forelimb muscles.