Chpt 17 question doucments

Any object that contains handwriting or typescript and whose source or authenticity is in doubt is referred to as a(n) ______________. 2. True or False: Our general style of handwriting develops as a result of our attempts in childhood to copy letters that match a standard form or style shown to us by our teachers. ______________ 3. In a problem involving the authorship of handwriting, all characteristics of both the ______________ and ______________ documents must be considered and compared. 4. True or False: A single handwriting characteristic can by itself be taken as a basis for a positive comparison. ______________ 5. Handwriting examples may have a crude, unnatural form or be written very carefully to disguise the writer’s natural ______________. 6. Known examples of writings, called ______________, must be collected in order to determine the outcome of a comparison. 7. As the age difference between genuine and unknown specimens becomes greater, the standard tends to become ______________ representative of the unknown. 8. True or False: Two or more specimens of writing prepared by one person are identical in every detail. ______________ 9. In the Supreme Court case of ______________, the Court upheld the taking of handwriting exemplars before the appointment of counsel and determined handwriting to be nontestimonial evidence not protected by Fifth Amendment privileges. 10. True or False: Normally, known writings need not contain words and combinations of letters present in the questioned document. ______________ 11. When requested writing is being given by a suspect, care must be taken to minimize a(n) ______________ writing effort. 12. An examiner should generate approximately ______________ samples through a questioned photocopier, printer, or fax machine to obtain a sufficient representation of a machine’s characteristics. 486 CHAPTER 17 13. A fax machine prints a kind of header known as a ______________ at the top of each page it prints, which can be used for comparison and authentication purposes. 14. Examination of a printer’s ______________ involves microscopic analysis and the identification of organic and inorganic components. 15. Examination of a document under ______________ or ______________ lighting may reveal chemical erasures of words or numbers. 16. Handwriting containing inks of different chemical compositions may be distinguished by photography with ______________ film. 17. True or False: If obliteration of writing is carried out with the same ink as was used to write the original material, recovery will be difficult if not impossible. ______________ 18. Infrared photography can also be used to visualize writing on paper that has been accidentally or purposely ______________ in a fire. 19. ______________ writings are partially visible impressions that appear on a sheet of paper that, at the time of writing, was underneath the one on which the visible writing was done. 20. When comparing the chemical composition of ink lines on a questioned document, a(n) ______________ can be used without destroying the document. 21. Many ink dyes can be separated by the technique of ______________ chromatography. 22. True or False: Examination of the paper of a questioned document is based on general appearance, color, weight, and watermarks. ______________