CV-1

The tricuspid valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle.

The tricuspid valve has 3 leaflets and has a valve area that is approximately 7cm.

The mitral valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle.

The mitral valve has two leaflets and a valve area of 4 to 6 cm.

The normal mean pressure gradient across the mitral valve is less than 2 mmHg.

The pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

The pulmonary valve has 3 cusps and the valve area is 3 cm.

The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and aorta.

The aortic valve has 3 cusps and a valve area between 2.5 to 3.5.

The normal mean pressure gradient across the aortic valve is less than 5 mmHg.

The right atrium receives blood from the inferior and superior vena cava and the coronary sinus.

The coronary sinus empties directly into the right atrium near the junction of the posterior inter-ventricular succulents and the coronary sulcus.

The pulmonary vascular system serves as a blood reservoir to the left side of the heart.

The left atrium acts as a reservoir for oxygenated blood as it receives blood from the four pulmonary veins and serves as a pump during atrial systole.

The left ventricle wall thickness is approximately eight to 15 millimeters or two to three times the thickness of the right ventricle.

The systemic circulation is a high pressure, high resistance system compared to the pulmonary system.

The upper third of the septum is smooth endocardium.

The remaining two thirds of the septum and the rest of the ventricular wall is covered with something called trabeculae Carney.