Biology 101!

  • Dna - Deoxyribonucleic acid 

  • Rna- Ribonucleic acid

  • Phosphate- group

  • Pentose- sugar

  • Nitrogen- base

  • 5 nucleotides include adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil 

  • DNA- (Adenine and Thymine)( Cytosine and Guanine)

  • RNA- (Adenine and Uracil)(Cytosine and Guanine) 

  • Dehydration synthesis is how we make nucleotides

  • Hydrolysis breaks the nucleotides

  • Pyrimidines- cytosine, thymine, uracil

  • Purines- adenine and guanine (two-ring structure) 

  • In a container full of water molecules, hydrogen is attracted to the oxygen of the other water molecules.

  • What type of bond is responsible for the binding of one water molecule to another water molecule? Weak hydrogen bonds 

  • The monomer of a starch- which is a complex carbohydrate- is Glucose 

  • Which of the following is not a true polymer? Lipids

  • Enzymes are usually considered… Proteins

  • Enzymes speed up the rate of reaction by… lowering the activation energy

  • Matter exists as… Solid, liquid, Gas (All of these)

  • This substance cannot be broken down into smaller parts and maintains the properties of the original process. Element

  • The process of breaking down macromolecules. Degradation hydrolysis

  • Water has a low heat capacity. False

  • The ability of water molecules to cling to other polar surfaces due to water polarity. Adhesion

  • The ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. Electronegativity 

  • The ability of water molecules to cling to other water molecules. Cohesion 

  • This is a chemical or combination of chemicals that keep Ph the normal limits. Buffer 

  • All four classes of organic molecules contain. Oxygen, hydrogen, & carbon 

  • Isomers are organic molecules that have identical molecular formulas but different atomic structure arrangements.

  • Which are simple sugars. Carbohydrates 

  • Carbohydrates subunit. Monosaccharides

  • Protein subunit. Amino acids 

  • Nucleic acids subunit. Nucleotide

  • Proteins run the show. TRUE

  • What is meant by the phrase “enzymes can be catalysts”? Enzymes kick-start

  • In general, what is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen, in carbohydrates? 1:2:1

  • Carbohydrates mainly function as. Short-term energy storage 

  • Proteins mainly function as. Directing the actions of the body 

  • Nucleic acids mainly function as. Genetic material 

  • What is the composition of a fat molecule? A glyceral + three distinct fatty acids 

  • What is the composition of a phospholipid? A glycerol & 1 phosphate group & 2 fatty acids

  • What's the composition of the nucleotide? A Phosphate group & pentose sugar & nitrogenous base 

  • Each macromolecule is mutually exclusive to the others? False 

  • A common polysaccharide polymer found in plant cell walls? Cellulose 

  • A common polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of some insects? Chitin

  • A common polysaccharide found in the cell wall of some bacteria. Peptidoglycan

  • Polysaccharides used as energy storage in plants? STARCH

  • These are large nonpolar organic molecules that are not soluble in water. Lipids

  • Protiens aid in? Regulation, metabolism motion transports

  • Protein consisting of a simple long chain of amino acids? Primary 

  • A protein consisting of a combination of alpha helix and pleated beta sheets along a continuous fold. Tertiary 

  • Protein consitsing of either an alpha helix or beta or pleated beta sheet structure? Secondary 

  • A protein consisting of a complex folding of polypeptide proteins structured incorporating both alpha helix and pleated beta-sheet folds. Quaternary

  • Put the following symptoms in order In order from earliest to latest as they relate to a general prion disease development in an organism?Short-term memory loss, slurred speech, ataxia, loss of mobility, bedridden,fed and hydrated intravenously, brain stem destruction, DEATH.

  • What is the treat the treatment for prion disease? Palliative care

  • When a prion disease is diagnosed what is the probability that it develops spontaneously? 80%

BLANK fat has single bonds between all carbons in its chain an example of this type of fat is BLANK?   Saturated; Lard
BLANK fat has a double bond between at least one carbon pair making a kink in the molecular configuration  that is useful to the body an example of this type of fat is BLANK? Unsatrated fat; safflower oil

  • How can transmissible be passed down from organism to organism? Fluids and Cannibalism Ingestion

  •  Lipids many function as? Cell membrane & long-term energy storage