The Fall of the Roman Empire to the First Crusade
Clovis I [466-511, r481-511]
-Merovingian Dynasty
Justinian I [482-565, r527-565] (aka Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus, aka Justinian the Great)
-Nika Riots was a united attack on government buildings in Constantinople by the Greens and Blues, two city parties
-Precopius was an aide and historian and wrote scandals about Justinian
-Created a series of laws known as the Justinian Code
-Narses, a general under Justinian, conquered Italy, and Justinian issued the Pragmatic Sanction of 554 to the Italians.
-The Slavs, and later the invaded the Northern Province of Dacia and Justinian failed to expel them until Belisarius mobilized a civilian army and defeated the Slavs.
-The Avars attempted to take Constantinople but failed.
-Justinian failed to prevent the assimilation of Slavs and Byzantines, which is one of the things he is criticized for.
Constantinople
-Known as Istanbul
-Was conquered by Mehmed the II during the siege of Constantinople in 1453
-The Hagia Sophia is located here
-The Theodosian Walls are a famous structure on the outskirts of Constantinople
Byzantine Empire (aka Eastern Roman Empire aka Basileia Rhomaion)
Old English (aka Anglo-Saxon)
-Created by the Anglo-Saxons
-Some masterpieces include Beowulf and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Anglo-Saxons
-a term historically used to describe any member of Germanic people that inhabited or ruled England and Wales from the 5th to the 1066
-These people consisted of Angles, Saxons, and Jutes according to St. Bede the Venerable
-These people later formed kingdoms such as..
Essex, Sussex, and Wessex(Saxons)
East Anglia, Middle Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria(Angles)
Kent(Jutes)
-Essentially, the Anglo-Saxons represent a mix of Germanic people who arrive to defend the Britons
-These people later created Old English
-This term was first used by Continental writers to distinguish the two Saxons
-Rex Angul-Saxonum was used by Alfred the Great
-Anglo-Saxon eventually became a synonym for English as time went on
-As more immigrants came, England kept on diversifying
-Even though they were the same ethnicity, they were made up of loose confederation of states that bickered over land
-They were united in the 9th Century, but Canute interrupted this era of unity for 26 years of Danish rule from 106
St. Bede the Venerable
Pope Gregory I
Kingdom of Denmark [est 710]
First Iconoclasm [726-787]
Charles Martel [676-741, r718-741]
-On the French side at the Battle of Tours
Battle of Tours [732]
Charlemagne [747-814, r768-814 as King of the Franks, r774-814 as King of the Lombards] (aka Charles the Great aka Charles I)
-Part of the Carolingian Dynasty
-He was King of the Franks, Lombards, and conquered the Saxons and Bavaria
-Was crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800 by Pope Leo III
-His mass conquests led to executions such as the Massacre of Verden
-His coronation at the St. Peter's Basilica started the Carolingian Renaissance
-The Byzantines hated him because there empress, Empress Irene, already was crowned emperor of Constantinople
-This also caused the Great Schism between the West and the East in 1054
Aachean was his favorite place to visit.
-Louis the Pious, his youngest surviving son, was crowned as emperor after his death
-He created many dynasty like the House of Habsburg and the House of Luxembourg, and the Capetian dynasty
Carolingian dynasty (aka Karlings aka Carlovingians aka Carolingus aka Carolings aka Karolinger)
Empress Irene
Second Iconoclasm [814-842]
Iconoclasm
-Second Council of Nicea tried to stop this movement
-Empress Irene attempted to reverse this movement
-Two emperors by the name of Leo started this movement twice
Alfred the Great [849-899, r871-886 as King of the West Saxons, r886-899 as King of the Anglo-Saxons]
-The king of England
-Complimated the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
-He protected England from the Danes
-Participated in the siege and battle of Reading against the Danes, Battle of Basing, and Merton
-He defeats Guthrum, the king of East Anglia, at the Battle of Eddington
-A peace treaty in 886 ends the war between them and led to the creation of the Danelaw
-Rex Angul-Saxonum was used by Alfred the Great