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Studied by 75 peopleLanguage and Dialects
- national / standard ➝ regional / local ➝ individual (varieties of languages)
- language: collection of different forms that are all mutually intelligible
- if two speakers understand each other, they’re mutually intelligible
- dialects: forms of speech with coherent, systematic properties
- recognition of linguistic difference
- dialect continuum: when there’s a number of continuous dialects, each dialect is closely to the next
- there are political ideas of language too
- ex: norway and danish
- dialects can be affected by region, socioeconomic status, age, ethnicity, etc.
- Dialects and Attitudes
- there are intense subjective judgements on certain dialects
- linguistic security: myth that you don’t speak a dialect but everyone else does
- regional dialectology involves subjective evaluations
- in-group / out-group
- shibboleths: pronunciations of a single word which becomes a stereotype of a speech community
- variation: style and register
- everyone has a dialect (speech community) and an idiolect (personal speech style)
- also have variation of speech styles based on linguistic context (informal v formal)
- accommodation: speakers adopt the mode of speech of the person they’re addressing
- Sociolinguistic Variation: regional and social variation
- regional variation is usually determined by geographical and topographical features
- mountains, rivers, deserts, etc.
- the more a speech community is isolated, the less it will be changed by other speech communities
- dialect maps are created by making isoglosses of the regional extent of a dialect indicator
- bundles of isoglosses define regional dialects
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