American YAWP Chapter 4 ID's

Colonists + English moved from subsistence to consumption of consumer goods
- due to improvement in manufacturing, transport, and credit availability
Colonists could purchase goods instead of making them
Colonists sent material to England and they gave manufactured goods in return
Ability to buy goods = respect in colonies
Everyday people buying goods

Money with eccentric (representative) value → medium of exchange
Price of commodity money fluctuates
1727, Virginia tobacco notes = certificates of value for physical items used to exchange for goods
- end of commodity money in Virginia

Mostly on large plantations with a lot of slaves
Slaves worked from dawn to dusk
Managed by white overseer (entrusted with entire plantation) or black driver (watched slaves to ensure productivity)
Virginia

Used in South Carolina
Used on smaller plantations/ estates with fewer slaves
Slaves given tasks and after tasks done, slave was done with work for the day
employed due to rice (cash crop) which was grown in swampy conditions → possibility of disease due to mosquitos
Plantation owner didn’t live on planation b/c they didn’t want to get sick → lived in Charlestown and had an overseer to manage the estate
Small plots of land given to Slaves to grow personal garden → money from underground market

Provincial (Royal Colonies)
- tightly controlled by the crown
- crown appointed governors
- governors can veto assembly decisions
- New Hampshire, New York, Virginia, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina
Proprietary (Lord Proprietor)
- more liberty + freedom than provincial
- governor chosen by lord proprietor
- lord proprietor has rights to colony from the crown
- still under authority of the crown
- Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland
Charter (Political Corps./Interest groups)
- legislative, executive, judicial branch
- governors elected by property holding men in the colony
- colonial assemblies and colonial councils were below the governor
  - council: prominent men in society that advise the governor
  - assembly: elected men with property that made sure that colonial law adhered to English law, approved taxed, new budgets, and ensured governor didn’t get too powerful
- Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island

fertility increase
women asserted more control over their bodies → decreased family size
Sentimentalism - marriage viewed for its emotional value rather than economic value
women provided emotional support to husbands and taught children principles of Republican citizenship:
- Need for virtuous citizenry
- Freedom
- State is a bounded community of citizens

Women (white women) lost all political and economic rights to their husband at marriage → women had no legal independent identity → divorce rates + abandonment increase

All forms of printed text and visual communication
John Adams said the origins of the American Revolutions can be found in the colonies’ print culture
fueled the great awakening
The Virginia Gazette = first colonial newspaper (1736)

Early Piety (1711, Increase Mather) → Great Awakening
- Founding fathers came into wilderness for religious reasons
- what has new England come to
- spoke to sense of inferiority → search for reinvigorated religious experience → Great Awakening
New England → all colonies
Returning to pious lifestyle, stripping worldly concerns
Left a profound impact on colonies and made them question the world around them
revivals gave colonists individualism and reinforced print culture
led to the American Revolution

England
Part of iterant (traveling) preachers
- spread revival
- Shared Johnathan Edward’s message
- looking inside for ones salvation
- had meetings outside → audiences put into emotional frenzies
Most popular preacher
God pleased with heartfelt faith → churches encouraged apathy
traveled from New York to South Carolina
former actor → dramatic style + simple message

Pushed colonists together politically and culturally
led to imperial reforms on taxation, commerce and politics
- meant to help Britain pay for the expensive war → colonists saw themselves as a collective group
Led to American Revolution

Pontiac + 300 warriors attempted surprise attack on Fort Detroit → 6 month siege → Pontiac lost
inspired other native groups to attack British Colonists to end British Colonization
ended b/c of disease and supply shortages
- British were supplying the Natives and when they waged war the supplies were cut off
Led to British changing British Native policy
- to maintain peace they must protect native lands by regulating Anglo American trade
led to American Revolution

Result of the Pontiac War
Creation of the proclamation line that runs on the west side of colonies and is the boundary between colonists and Natives → discontent among colonists b/c they think the land west of the Appalachian mountains is their reward for helping the British win the war