Period Three Quiz Study Guide

Caused by French and Indian War * First political cartoon in colonies * By Benjamin Franklin * Prior to the start of the French and Indian war * Advertisement for Albany Congress * Goal to unite 13 colonies and to get Native support * Albany Congress * 1754 intercolonial Congress meeting * Purpose * To keep Iroquois British allies * To achieve colonial unity * Albany Plan * Role of political cartoon “Unite or Die” * 7/13 colonies voted for the plan * Plan failed but showed attempt at unity * Result: Albany plan failed

Caused by the end of the French and Indian War * Eliminated French as a colonial power in North America * Spain - received French territory west of the Mississippi River * Britain - received Canada and all French territory east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans * Results * Colonies * Gain self confidence and valuable military experience * Saw the need for colonial unity * Became less dependent on Mother Country * Britain * Colonies had not cooperated sufficiently * Therefore, colonists should help pay for the cost of fighting the war * Began strict enforcement of Navigation Acts and instituted new tax laws

Caused by Britain not wanting colonies to conflict with Indians after French and Indian War * Law passed by England * Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains * Try to prevent hostilities between Indians and colonists * Not well received by colonists * Led to Pontiac’s Rebellion and colonial resentment and failure to comply due to the fact that this was an attempt to control them

Passed to stop the Triangular Trade and the making of rum as well as to raise money for war debt and protection * Passed in 1764 * Placed a tax on imported goods such as sugar, coffee, and wines * Colonial action * Protest “No taxation without representation” * Want a place in Parliament * Result: Boston experimented with boycotts

Passed to pay for war debt and military protection * Passed in 1765 * All legal documents including newspapers, diplomas, decks of cards, dice, almanacs, etc. had to have a stamp * Stamps ranged in price from 2 pence to 6 pounds * Law managed to offend editors, lawyers, students, gamblers, etc. * Effect * “No taxation without representation” was chanted * Colonists are protesting because they dislike virtual representation and are demanding direct reprsentation * The law produced a rebellious nature in the American colonies * Colonists began to protest, demonstrate and riot as a result of the stamp and sugar acts * Colonists used crowd politics - Led by Sons of Liberty (Samuel Adams) * Act is repealed

Someone is assigned to represent the colonies and Parliament * No working knowledge of the colonies

Cause * Charles Townshend is appointed by William Pitt as the Chief Financial Minister of England when he falls ill * To pay for the cost of governing American colonies * Paid for governors and judges * Imposed light import tax on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea * Indirect tax: tax included in price of good * Effect * Sons of Liberty - Crowd politics (protests, riots, etc.) * When protesting does not get the Townshend Acts repealed then the Daughters of Liberty join in and practice non-consumption (boycott)

Cause * Britain upset with the colonists and their protesting over the Townshend Acts — so Britain sent troops to Boston to help keep the peace * The colonists do not want the British troops in Boston — so the situation between the colonists and British soldiers become very tense * March 5, 1770 * British soldiers and colonists confront each other in Boston * Sodiers competing with colonists for jobs in Boston (rope walk) * Soldier gets job, thinks he’s too good for cleaning, and colonist gets mad * Make wandering night groups * Colonists find a sentry at night and call him names * 7 British soldiers called by Captain Preston * Crowd has grown to 700 and start throwing snowballs with rocks, have ladles and sticks * Town bell rings for a fire * Crowd yells fire and soldiers think captain yells fire * Engraving by Paul Revere * Effects * Result 5 Americans were killed “Boston Massacre” (first is Mulatto) * Captain is tried and acquitted * The trial results in the Impartial Administration Act

Caused by the Boston Tea Party in response to the Tea Tax * Closes the port of Boston until the tea that was dumped can be paid for * Part of the Intolerable acts passed by England * Result: boycott and convening first Continental Congress

Cause: fighting was already going on (Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill) and the Olive Branch Petition which called for peace was rejected * Written while 2nd Continental Congress was meeting * July 7, 1776 Richard Henry Lee introduced a resolution declaring the colonies to be independent * 5 delegates (Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Ben Franklin, Sherman and Livingston) were given the job of writing a Declaration of Independence ---Delegates gave the job of writing the Declaration to Jefferson * Modeled after Richard Henry Lee’s Declaration of Rights * Listed grievances colonists had against King George III * Expressed Justification for a Revolution * Ended with a Declaration of Independence * Result: the American Revolution

British living in colonies that supported the independence movement * New England and Virginia

British living in colonies that opposed the independence movement * Middle and Chesapeake

Cause: the end of the American Revolution * Formally end the American Revolution * Britain would recognize the existence of the US as an independent nation * Mississippi River would be the western boundary of the nation * Americans would have fishing rights off the coast of Canada * Americans would pay debts owed to British merchants and honor Loyalist claims for property confiscated during the war * Britain gave Florida back to Spain * France received colonies in Africa and Caribbean