Vocab Ap Lang

1. Allegory: The representation of abstract ideas or principles by characters, figures, or events in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form - Animal Farm, The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, The Wizard of Oz

2. Alliteration: The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning or in the middle of two or more adjacent words

Allusion: a reference in a written or spoken text to another text or to some particular body of knowledge (mythology, bible, Shakespeare)

4. Anadiplosis: the repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause

5. Anaphora: the repetition of a group of words at the beginning of successive clauses

Anecdote: a brief narrative offered in a text to capture the audience's attention or to support a generalization or claim

7. Antithesis: the juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas, often in parallel structure - for example,

"Place your virtues

on a pedestal; put your vices under a rock."

8. Apology: an elaborate statement justifying some controversial, even contentions, position

9. Apostrophe: type of soliloquy where is nature is addressed as though human

10. Appositive: a noun or noun phrase that follows another noun immediately and defines or amplifies its meaning

11. Assonance: the repetition of vowel sounds in the stressed syllable of two or more adjacent words

12. Asyndeton: the omission of conjunctions between related clauses - for example, "I came, I saw, I conquered."

13. Audience: the person or persons who listen to a spoken text or read a written one andiare capable of responding to it

14. Connotation: the implied meaning of a word, in contrast to its directly expressed "dictionary meaning"

15. Context: the convergence of time, place, audience, and motivating factors in which a piece of writing or a speech is situated

16. Denotation: the "dictionary definition" of a word, in contrast to its connotation, or implied meaning

17. Dialect: the describable patterns of language - grammar and vocabulary - used by a particular cultural or ethnic population

18. Diction: Word choice, which is viewed on scales of formality/informality; concreteness/abstraction; Latinate derivation/ Anglo-Saxon derivation; and denotative value/connotative value

19. Double entendre: the double (or multiple) meanings of a group of words that the speaker or writer purposely left ambiguous

20. Epithet: a word or phrase adding a characteristic to a

21. Ethos: the appeal of a text to the credibility and character of the speaker, writer, or narrator

22. Euphemism: an indirect expression of unpleasant information in such a way as to lessen its impact - for example, "my dog was put to sleep"

23. Extended analogy: an extended passage arguing that if two things are similar in one or two ways, they are probably similar in other ways as well

24. Fable: a narrative in which fictional characters, often animals, take actions that have ethical or moral significance

25. Genre: a piece of writing classified by type - for example, letter, narrative, eulogy, or editorial

26. Hyperbole: an extreme exaggeration for effect

27. Imagery: language that evokes particular sensations or emotionally rich experiences in a reader (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)

28. Implied metaphor: a metaphor embedded in a sentence rather than expressed directly as a sentence. For example,

"His voice cascaded through the hallways" as opposed to a direct metaphor, "His voice was a cascade of emotion"

Inference: a conclusion that a reader or listener reached by means of his or her own thinking rather than by being told directly by a text.

30. Intention: the goal of a writer or speaker hoped to achieve with the text - for example, to clarify difficult material, to inform, to convince, to persuade, to entertain (also called aim and purpose)

31. Invention: the art of generating material for text (the first of the five canons of rhetoric); brainstorming

32. Irony: writing or speaking that implies the contrary of what is actually written or spoken

33,

Litotes: understatement - for example, "She certainly doesn't hate cats."