MUSIC THEORY: MIDTERM

(Mostly multiple choice /some true or false)

All Chapters 1 through 4 (50 Questions)

• There was a culture change in music/art

• Elements of Music)

. Rythme (arrangement of notes/pattern)

. lyrics (words of a song)

. Melody (succession notes/time)

. Harmony (goes over the melody)

. Timbre/tone (the difference in sound quality)

. Texture) Three types are; (Monophony, Homophony, and Polyphony)

• Typically children had it better than parents

• Racial issue (separation)

• Conjunged; Stepwise movement

• Disjunged; When a piece of music ascends and descends with leaps between

• Grand o’ Lapri, the most important and popular (Grand o’ lapy; announcer of music)-

                                                                                                       1930s

• Shouting Style; Screamo, is a hardcore punk vocalized voice in using screaming vocals

• Cover/Covered/Crossover

. a version of a song released around the same time as the original (Cover)

. a new performance or recording by a musician other than the original performer (Covered)

. sends certain frequency ranges to different drivers (Crossover)

• Southern (C&W)- Bill Lewis, Elvis Presley, etc Influenced heavily on rock and roll

• ‘Slap Bass’ Rock ‘n’ Billy; A slapping technique on the electric bass guitar

• Close Harmony: Notes arranged between a narrow range (Octave between bottom and

                                                                                              top notes)

• Glottal Stop; a consonant formed by the audible release of the airstream after complete closure of the glottis

• Hook ~ specific line of lyrics that are meaningful and memorable (ex. Billy Jeans)

• Payola ~ an illegal practice in which payments are offered from record companies to show music on radio stations (Created many laws today)

• Record companies started getting payolas

• LP; Vinyl record, has many songs to play

• The Kingston Trios; M.T.A. (Dramatic like music) - first song to have a political ad in the middle of the song (Famous for being the first protest song) - very popular

                               ~ Inspired by Harry Belafonte

• Traditional and symmetrical forms- an answering figure that either repeats the same feature just heard, or a mirror image of what has just been heard (symmetrical)

‘Folk songs’ (traditional)

• Cover and Crossovers (ex. ‘Blowin’ in the Wind’ is a cover)

• Fibrato; a waving sounding voice

• Echo Affects- Records a signal and plays it back after a replay (echo sound)

                                                              ~ Used a lot on rock/surf music for a unique sound

• Overdubbing- A recording technique that goes together with other audios

• Occapelo- Four people singing with no instrumentation (No music)

• Dissinience- chords and intervals that don’t sound nice (weird sounding)

• Consonance- Sound sweeter or nicer                                                           ~ opposites

• Skiffle Music- Folky British Pop (Home-made Instrument for Folk made bands)

• Original Name of The Beatles; The QuarryMen

• Germany, Hamburg was where their first concert was

• ‘Beatlemania’- Rock was a natural phenomenon but until the Beatles came along it really started to get big ‘Please Please Me’ got top hits

• As they arrived to the airport the entire place was packed with fans wanting to meet them

• Paul was more conservative, sentimental and anxious to please

• John was more rebellious and cynical

                                                               (Polar opposites but were non the less still close)

• Psychedelic- people who used psychedelic drugs (altered states of consciousness)

MUSIC THEORY: Notes

Chapter 1:

- Motivational exercise (Sample question: What is Rock ‘n’ Roll? Pop music, characterized by

                                                                                                           heavy beats

- (Sample question: Where did Blues come from? The Southern United States

- 1950 ~ American Roots Music (A.R.M.)

- The Three Core A.R.M.: Country/Western, Blues, Tin Pan Alley/Urban

- Both Orchestral and Pop music used ‘movement’ as their transitions in music

- 1950s was the time for Country/Western to arise as the first known music.

~ Came from characters

~ Merging from other countries

~Notes instead of words

- “The Coming Together of Styles”- during the racial period

- Technology allowed the characteristics of music to flow

- Jazz was the 1st popular recorded music (Blues)

- All American Root’s M- (5) Majors

~Columbian

~Capital

~Mercury

~R.C.A Victor

~Decca

- All artists had signed a contract that dictated that only their managers were allowed full control of their projects (All retail sale)

- Fierce companies- advanced using Copyright (Advertisements)

- San House: a main artist that was known for Blues

          (Would mix spiritual/free spirit music to blues)

- Vidia Mendoza~ Sparrow of Music

- Uncle Dave Macon~ one of the greatest music entertainers

                                  (Made great opry at the age of 50; heard by half the world)

- Tomas Dorsey- still playing in gospel music today (Gained growth and followers)

Chapter 2:

- Mystery & Mischief~ two key elements in rock (the energy of rock) ‘A passion committed on’

- Country = Gospel music

- Blues = Jazz music

- Records were on such high demand during this era

- Two of the major influencing musicians in the Rock industry were;

                                                                                                Chuck Berry & Little Richard
- All the elements in music developed further on in time)

Black Gospel, Jazz, Blues, Relimant Blues, Rock ‘n’ Roll

- Little Richard had used a popularized song called ‘Tutti Frutti’ that was originally Pat Boone’s Besides this, both were on well terms and grew popular separately

- Bill Haley; had the same energy as the Beatles

- ‘Heartbreak Hotel’ was Elvis Presley’s first national TV appearance which provoked many audience letters for being intimate music

- Once this type of music was being allowed for teens it started the ‘Rebel’ era

‘Rebel Without a Cause’

- Back-Beat, counting the beat (2-4)

- Soft Rock- controversial with a few Rock artists/audience (‘Not being real rock’)

- Racial Difference: White Soft Rock (whites)  ~  Duap Soft Rock (blacks)

Chapter 3:

- Buddy Holly~ came from Texas, racial influence and grew up in a white family placed home

- Started as a country singer with a band called “Holly and The Crickets”

- Copied vocals from Elvis Presley

- Constant change in vocals for that particular music

- Had it not been for his death in a plane crash he could have been as popular as Elvis

- Father of Rock~ Chuck Berry

- Frankie Avalon

- Buddy Holly, Micheal Jackson, Freddy Mercury (common use of drugs)

- Instrumental only music; “Walk Don’t Run” (No lyrics)

- The Beach Boys were the peak of rock until the Beatles came along

- Popular songs; Novelty songs~ humorous songs (ex. Monster Mash)

- Television was starting to become more popular than radio as it not only played music but showed the visuals as well

- 1970s-1960s) American Pie, song dedicated to Buddy Holly after the accident (Don McLean)

- Johnny Cash~ Influential Country Rock

Chapter 4:

- 1960s~ music starts getting more fragmented with many different popular genres

(It wasn’t as provocative- Rock) - Getting more serious

- It started to involve the federal government and terms called ‘Payola hearings’ started happening

- Surf Music & Folk Music; were starting to submerge in the era (Just like other sub genres started gaining a following)- early 60s

- (Sample question: When did Surf Music become popular? 1960s

- (Early 50s) Rockabilly continues its growth as well as Soft Rock

- Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons; falsetto was his vocal way in singing

- Detroit was the capital for being the most to produce motor (mo-industry)

Duoap group (really big in the mo-industry

- Folk Music; It’s not actually folk music but it is accepted as such to sound like folk music but not actually being folk music- 1960s

- 1930s during the Great Depression brought the violent and dull motives in a time period that affected both culture and people

- Calypso (Folk music from the caribbean)

Banana Boat (Harry Belafonte)~ A narrative song- work song

- Vocal groups, played guitar and banjo- Inspired by Harry Belafonte

- Music was starting to have a change from joyful/connecting songs into a more serious genre

(ex. Tom Dooley; narrative)- This song would have stunned people in the 50s

- Peter, Paul, and Mary~ had more softer and commercial vocals (attracted more younger people and college students, even highschool)

- ‘If I Had A Hammer’~ Justice and Freedom; a way to bring connections together

- Mariachi; is actual Folk Music for the mexicans rather than a sound of Folk Music

- The Kingston Trio had more commercial sounding music

- All these songs different serious topics

- Melody were similar to country and western and other pop styles
- Folk songs were diatonic (made of scales)

Chapter 4-5 (continuation):

- Surf music follows the similar recipes of Rock music

(Folk; Folk Rock starts to get more serious)

- Folkies; avoided the noise of the electric guitar while Surf music used it

- Surf music had its own identity with culture and attire

~ You talked and dressed like you were from Southern California

- Jan Berry & Dean Torrence; had a big hit called “Surf Music”- To later become a member of the Beach Boys (Blues)

- The Beach Boys; defined and dominated the entirety of Surf Music

(Lived in Hawthorne California)

- ‘Fun, Fun, Fun’- was a tribute to Chuck Berry’s song ‘Johnny B. Goode’~ Not Copied

- The Beach Boys were topping all rock music all until The Beatles came

(Knocking off the popularity of the Beach Boys entirely)

- ‘Good Vibrations’~ used a theremin; a changeable pitching instrument

- Rock music was also used for dancing activity

~ Dance Records kept black music on the charts (Chubby Checker- was famous for the

                                                                               cover of ‘The Twist’- Had many dance records)