Physical Science - Chapter 10 

Acids, Bases, and Salts

10A Acids and Bases

• Acids
  • ^^Acid^^: a substance that produces hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
  • ^^Aqueous Solution^^: a water-based solution
  • ^^Hydronium Ion^^: an ion formed by the combination of a water molecule and a hydrogen ion
  • ^^Indicator^^: a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base
• Bases
  • ^^Base^^: a substance that produces hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
• ^^Hydroxide Ion^^: an ion formed by oxygen and hydrogen
  • Slippery Feel
  • Conductivity
  • Color Change With Indicators
  • Bitter Taste

10B Acidity and Alkalinity

• Ionization of Acids

  • ^^Strong Acid^^: an acid in which all or most of the molecules produce hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
  • ^^Weak Acid^^: an acid that produces few hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution

• Dissociation of Bases

  • ^^Strong Base^^: a base that readily produces large numbers of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution

• Ionization of Bases

  • ^^Weak Base^^: a base that produces few hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution

• The pH scale

  • ^^pH^^: a unitless number between 0 and 14 that tells how acidic or basic a substance is

• ^^Buffer^^: a weak acid or base in solution that resists changes in pH when a moderate amount of either an acid or base is added

10C Salts

• ^^Salt^^: an ionic compound formed by a combination of cations and anions

• ^^Neutralization^^: a double-replacement reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water