electronic_configuration

Page 1: Electronic Configuration

Electronic Configuration Notation:

• Example: 2,8,2

• Notation Example: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶

Page 2: Electrons

Terminology:

• Principal Energy Levels:

  • n=1

  • n=2

  • n=3

  • n=4

Total electrons capacity per level: 2, 8, 18, 32 respectively.

Page 3: Orbitals

Electron Location:

• Orbitals represent the most probable locations of electrons.

• It is impossible to specify the exact location of an electron.

Page 4: Orbital Filling Guidelines

How to Fill Orbitals:

• Use arrows to represent electrons.

• Fill lowest energy subshells first.

• Place one electron in each orbital of a subshell before pairing.

Page 5: Subshells and Orbital Capacity

Subshells Definition:

• Orbitals can be further broken down into subshells: s, p, d, f.

Orbital Capacity:

• Each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

• Electrons in each orbital have identical properties but opposite spins.

Page 6: Energy Levels Description

Energy Levels:

• Energy levels represented by:

  • n=1 (K)

  • n=2 (L)

  • n=3 (M)

  • n=4 (N)

• Examples of orbitals: 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f.

Page 7: Sublevels of Energy Levels

TABLE 5.1: Sublevels of the first four energy levels.

Principal Energy Level 1:

• Number of Orbitals: 1

• Sublevel: s (Total electrons: 2)

Principal Energy Level 2:

• Sublevels: s and p

• Total orbitals: 4

• Total electrons: 8

Principal Energy Level 3:

• Sublevels: s, p, d

• Total orbitals: 9

• Total electrons: 18

Principal Energy Level 4:

• Sublevels: s, p, d, f

• Total orbitals: 16

• Total electrons: 32

Page 8: Order of Filling Orbitals

Filling Order for High Energy:

• Follow the order: 7s, 7p, 7d, 7f, 6s, 6p, 6d, 5s...

• Example Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²

Page 9: Third Shell Electrons

Capacity for 3rd Shell:

• Accommodates 18 electrons; typically filled only to 8 in basic configurations.

• Orbital filling order for n=3 includes: 3d, 4s, 4p.

Page 10: Electronic Configuration of Elements

Element Electronic Configurations:

• Lithium (Li): 3

• Carbon (C): 6

• Oxygen (O): 8

• Neon (Ne): 10

• Sodium (Na): 11

• Aluminium (Al): 13

• Phosphorus (P): 15

• Chlorine (Cl): 17

• Potassium (K): 19

• Calcium (Ca): 20