Geography summer exam revision
Development
Types of poverty.
Absolute poverty is when the household income makes it impossible for the person or family to meet basic needs such as food, shelter, safe drinking water, education etc.
Relative poverty is when the household receives 50%less than the average and cannot purchase anything other than basics.
Development indicators and how can we measure them?
HDI - human development index, are a more accurate way to mesure development as it takes into consideration factors like life expectancy, adult literacy rate and sanitation rate.
GDP -Gross domestic product, measures the total value of goods and service in a country
Causes for uneven development
History conflicts - such as war, politics, and trade patterns can cause uneven power and wealth amount the people
Physical factors - climate, relief and natural disasters all play a role in an uneven development
Correlations
positive / negative correlation
strong / weak
Use as
Resources
renewable - those that can be renewed naturally in our lifetime. (They can be flows of energy such as wind or sunlight) e.g. sunlight, wood, wind, water, energy, hydroelectric power
non - renewable - Those resources that cannot be renewed naturally in our lifetime and are fixed stock e.g. coal, natural gas, oil , fossil fuels, steel
What countries experience water scarcity and what problem might this pose?
water scarcity may cause several problems such as a lower sanitation rate which can lead to more diseases and a lower life expectancy which leads to a lower HDI resulting in less interest in the country for trade and tourism. e.g. India, nigeria, Iran, saudi arabia, mexico
causes of soil erosion and its impact?
soil degrasion can be cause by many factors such as overpopulation and wind erosion which leads to over cultivation and over grazing. Wind erosion begins with the little layers of grass on trees can die due to continues over cultivation which can lead to a lack of minerals and an un rested land. this causes the top soil to be unprotected and less cohesive allowing the wind to break the rocks.
On the other hand rainfull can also cause gulley eroison and sheet wash
Hazards and tectonics
Hazard - the chance or probability of being affected by a natural event
Atmospheric hazards - lightning, tornadoes, snow
Geological hazards - volcano, avalanche, mudflow
Flooding
