To solve calorimetry problems, it is essential to understand the relationship between heat transfer, temperature change, and mass, which can be expressed using the formula: ( q = mc\Delta T ), where ( q ) is the heat absorbed or released, ( m ) is the mass of the substance, ( c ) is the specific heat capacity, and ( \Delta T ) is the change in temperature. Additionally, when dealing with phase changes, such as melting or boiling, the enthalpy of fusion or vaporization must be considered, which can be calculated using the formula: ( q = m \cdot \Delta H ), where ( \Delta H ) represents the enthalpy change associated with the phase transition. Understanding these concepts is crucial for accurately determining the energy changes in chemical reactions and physical processes.