Recording-2025-03-12T15:44:08.780Z

Understanding Eye Anatomy and Tests

Sclera, Conjunctiva, and Cornea

• Sclera: The white outer layer of the eye. Understanding its relationship with the conjunctiva is crucial for eye examinations.

• Conjunctiva: Mucous membrane covering the inside of the eyelids and the surface of the eye.

  • Appearance: Glossy, pinkish, moist, intact.

  • Function: Transparent to reveal underlying blood vessels. Healthy conjunctiva should appear pink and intact.

• Cornea: The clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye.

  • Analogy: Compared to Saran Wrap – it should be smooth and intact, with no tears or bubbles.

  • Protection: The cornea has a reflex to protect itself from injury (e.g., flinching when something approaches the eye).

Pupils

• Definition: The black opening in the center of the iris, responsible for regulating light entering the eye.

• Functionality: Changes in size based on light intensity, distance of objects, and sometimes medications.

  • Muscular Component: Controls size adjustments.

  • Cranial Nerve II: Responsible for vision, including peripheral vision assessments.

Visual Acuity Testing

• Snellen Eye Chart: A widely used tool for measuring visual acuity.

  • Setup: Patient stands 20 feet away; rows of letters decrease in size.

  • **Scoring