AP sych terms quick and ez version

Memory Basics

  • Memory – Learning that lasts over time (encode → store → retrieve)

Memory Measures

  • Recall – Pull info out (fill-in-the-blank)

  • Recognition – Identify info (multiple choice)

  • Relearning – Faster learning the 2nd time

🔁 Memory Processes

  • Encoding – Put info in

  • Storage – Keep info

  • Retrieval – Get info out

  • Parallel Processing – Brain does many things at once

🗂 Memory Systems

  • Sensory Memory – Super brief sensory info

  • Short-Term Memory (STM) – Small amount, short time

  • Long-Term Memory (LTM) – Unlimited, long-lasting

  • Working Memory – STM + active thinking

🧩 Types of Memory (Awareness)

  • Explicit (Declarative) – Conscious memories (facts/events)

  • Implicit (Nondeclarative) – Unconscious skills & habits

  • Effortful Processing – Needs attention

  • Automatic Processing – Happens without effort

👁 Sensory Memory Types

  • Iconic Memory – Visual snapshot (~½ second)

  • Echoic Memory – Sound memory (3–4 seconds)

🧠 Memory Strategies

  • Chunking – Group info

  • Mnemonics – Memory tricks

  • Spacing Effect – Spread out studying

  • Testing Effect – Remember more by self-testing

🧬 Levels of Processing

  • Shallow Processing – How it looks/sounds

  • Deep Processing – Meaning (BEST memory)

📚 Explicit Memory Types

  • Semantic Memory – Facts & knowledge

  • Episodic Memory – Personal experiences

🧠 Brain & Memory

  • Hippocampus – Forms new explicit memories

  • Memory Consolidation – Making memories permanent

  • LTP (Long-Term Potentiation) – Neurons fire better → learning

⚡ Special Memory Effects

  • Flashbulb Memory – Vivid emotional memory

  • Priming – Unconscious memory activation

  • Encoding Specificity – Match context to remember

  • Mood-Congruent Memory – Mood affects recall

  • Serial Position Effect – Remember first & last best

🧨 Memory Problems

  • Anterograde Amnesia – Can’t make new memories

  • Retrograde Amnesia – Can’t recall old memories

🔄 Interference

  • Proactive Interference – Old blocks new

  • Retroactive Interference – New blocks old

🧠 Psychoanalytic

  • Repression – Push painful memories out of awareness

🔁 Memory Change

  • Reconsolidation – Memories can change when recalled

❌ Memory Errors

  • Misinformation Effect – Memory altered by false info

  • Source Amnesia – Forget where info came from

  • Déjà Vu – Feels familiar but isn’t

💡 COGNITION & THINKING

  • Cognition – Thinking, knowing, remembering

  • Concept – Mental category

  • Prototype – Best example of a category

🧩 Thinking Styles

  • Convergent Thinking – One correct answer

  • Divergent Thinking – Many possible answers

  • Creativity – New + useful ideas

🛠 Problem Solving

  • Algorithm – Step-by-step, guaranteed

  • Heuristic – Quick shortcut (error-prone)

  • Insight – Sudden “aha!”

🧠 Cognitive Obstacles

  • Confirmation Bias – Look for what agrees

  • Fixation – Can’t see new solution

  • Mental Set – Same method every time

⚡ Decision Making

  • Intuition – Fast, automatic thinking

  • Representativeness Heuristic – Match the prototype

  • Availability Heuristic – Easy to remember = common

🎯 Beliefs & Judgment

  • Overconfidence – Too sure, often wrong

  • Belief Perseverance – Stick to beliefs despite evidence

  • Framing Effect – Wording changes decisions

🗣 LANGUAGE

  • Language – System for communication

  • Phoneme – Smallest sound

  • Morpheme – Smallest meaning unit

  • Grammar – Language rules

  • Semantics – Meaning

  • Syntax – Word order

👶 Speech Development

  • Babbling – Random sounds (~4 months)

  • One-Word Stage – Single words (1–2 yrs)

  • Two-Word Stage – Simple phrases (~2 yrs)

  • Telegraphic Speech – Short, content words

🧠 Language Disorders

  • Aphasia – Language loss

  • Broca’s Area – Speech production

  • Wernicke’s Area – Language understanding

🌍 Language & Thought

  • Linguistic Determinism – Language controls thought

  • Linguistic Influence – Language affects thought

If you want:

  • 🔥 Top 20 “most tested” terms

  • 🧠 Memory tricks for this list

  • 📄 Quizlet-style sheet

  • 🎯 Practice MC questions

Just say the word, Jarvis is locked in 💪

top 20 most tested

Say less 😤 — here are the Top 20 MOST TESTED AP Psych vocab terms from Memory, Cognition, and Language. If a teacher had to pick only a few… these are absolutely the ones.

🏆 TOP 20 MOST TESTED AP PSYCH TERMS

MEMORY (these show up CONSTANTLY)

  1. Encoding – Getting info into memory

  2. Storage – Keeping info over time

  3. Retrieval – Getting info out

  4. Short-Term / Working Memory – Brief, active thinking space

  5. Long-Term Memory – Unlimited, long-lasting storage

  6. Explicit (Declarative) Memory – Conscious facts & events

  7. Implicit (Nondeclarative) Memory – Unconscious skills

  8. Semantic Memory – Facts & knowledge

  9. Episodic Memory – Personal experiences

  10. Hippocampus – Forms new explicit memories

  11. Spacing Effect – Study spread out = better memory

  12. Testing Effect – Remember more by self-testing

  13. Deep Processing – Meaning-based encoding (BEST retention)

  14. Proactive Interference – Old info blocks new

  15. Retroactive Interference – New info blocks old

  16. Misinformation Effect – Memory altered by false info

🧠 MEMORY HOOKS – SET 1 (20 TERMS)
1. Encoding

  • 🧠 ENcode = ENTER

  • ➜ Putting info IN memory

2. Storage

  • 🧠 STORE = store

  • ➜ Keeping info over time

3. Retrieval

  • 🧠 RETRIEVE = return

  • ➜ Getting info OUT of memory

4. Working Memory

  • 🧠 WORKING = thinking

  • ➜ Actively using info right now

5. Long-Term Memory

  • 🧠 LONG = lasts

  • ➜ Permanent memory storage

6. Explicit Memory

  • 🧠 EXPLICIT = explain

  • ➜ Memories you can say out loud

7. Implicit Memory

  • 🧠 IMPLICIT = invisible

  • ➜ Unconscious memories (skills)

8. Semantic Memory

  • 🧠 SEMANTIC = school

  • ➜ Facts & knowledge

9. Episodic Memory

  • 🧠 EPISODE = event

  • ➜ Personal experiences

10. Hippocampus

  • 🧠 HIPPO = memory hub

  • ➜ Makes new memories

11. Spacing Effect

  • 🧠 SPACE study out

  • ➜ Spread study = remember more

12. Testing Effect

  • 🧠 TEST to remember

  • ➜ Self-testing improves memory

13. Deep Processing

  • 🧠 DEEP = meaning

  • ➜ Think about meaning = best recall

14. Shallow Processing

  • 🧠 SHALLOW = surface

  • ➜ Focus on looks/sounds only

15. Proactive Interference

  • 🧠 PRO = before

  • ➜ Old info blocks new

16. Retroactive Interference

  • 🧠 RETRO = reverse

  • ➜ New info blocks old

17. Misinformation Effect

  • 🧠 MIS = misleading

  • ➜ False info changes memory

18. Source Amnesia

  • 🧠 SOURCE = where

  • ➜ Forget where info came from

19. Algorithm

  • 🧠 ALGO = steps

  • ➜ Step-by-step solution

20. Heuristic

  • 🧠 HURRY-stick

  • ➜ Fast mental shortcut

🔥 How to use this

  • Say the hook word first

  • Then say the definition

  • Do it out loud (huge boost)

If you’re vibing with this, next up I can do:

  • SET 2 → Priming, Flashbulb, LTP, Amnesia, Biases

  • SET 3 → Language, Brain areas, Thinking types

Just say “Set 2 hooks” and we keep cookin’ 🍳🧠

yeah baby

LETS GOOO 😎🔥
Alright—MEMORY HOOKS SET 2, same style: ridiculously simple, sticky, and fast. Say the hook → meaning snaps into place.

🧠 MEMORY HOOKS – SET 2 (20 TERMS)

21. Priming

  • 🧠 PRIME = hint

  • ➜ One thing triggers another (unconscious)

22. Encoding Specificity

  • 🧠 SPECIFIC cues

  • ➜ Same context helps recall

23. Mood-Congruent Memory

  • 🧠 MOOD = match

  • ➜ Mood matches what you remember

24. Serial Position Effect

  • 🧠 SERIAL = order

  • ➜ Remember first & last best

25. Primacy Effect

  • 🧠 PRIMARY = first

  • ➜ Best recall for first items

26. Recency Effect

  • 🧠 RECENT = last

  • ➜ Best recall for last items

27. Flashbulb Memory

  • 🧠 FLASH = emotional

  • ➜ Vivid emotional memory

28. Memory Consolidation

  • 🧠 CONSOLIDATE = lock in

  • ➜ Make memory permanent

29. Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

  • 🧠 LONGER firing

  • ➜ Neurons strengthen with use

30. Anterograde Amnesia

  • 🧠 ANTI-forward

  • ➜ Can’t make new memories

31. Retrograde Amnesia

  • 🧠 RETRO-back

  • ➜ Can’t recall old memories

32. Repression

  • 🧠 REPRESS = push down

  • ➜ Hide painful memories

33. Reconsolidation

  • 🧠 RE-store

  • ➜ Memory changes when recalled

34. Déjà Vu

  • 🧠 “Seen before”

  • ➜ Feels familiar but isn’t

35. Confirmation Bias

  • 🧠 CONFIRM beliefs

  • ➜ Only notice supporting info

36. Availability Heuristic

  • 🧠 AVAILABLE = easy

  • ➜ Easy to recall = seems common

37. Representativeness Heuristic

  • 🧠 REPRESENT = match

  • ➜ Match prototype = likely

38. Overconfidence

  • 🧠 OVER-sure

  • ➜ Too confident, often wrong

39. Belief Perseverance

  • 🧠 PERSIST belief

  • ➜ Stick to belief despite proof

40. Framing Effect

  • 🧠 FRAME = wording

  • ➜ Wording changes decisions

💡 Power move:
Say them like this out loud:

“Priming… hint… unconscious trigger.”

You’ll literally hear yourself locking it in 🧠🔒

Ready for SET 3 HOOKS?
That’ll finish it off with:

  • 🧠 Broca & Wernicke

  • 🗣 Language theory

  • 💡 Thinking styles & problem solving

Just say “Set 3 hooks” 😤🔥

yeah baby

YEAHHH 😎🔥
Alright—MEMORY HOOKS SET 3, final batch. Same deal: super simple, ultra-sticky, zero overthinking.

🧠 MEMORY HOOKS – SET 3 (20 TERMS)

41. Broca’s Area

  • 🧠 BROCA = BROKEN speech

  • ➜ Trouble speaking words

42. Wernicke’s Area

  • 🧠 WERNICKE = WORDS wrong

  • ➜ Speech makes no sense

43. Aphasia

  • 🧠 A = language gone

  • ➜ Language impairment

44. Linguistic Determinism

  • 🧠 DETERMINE = control

  • ➜ Language controls thought

45. Linguistic Influence

  • 🧠 INFLUENCE = affect

  • ➜ Language affects thought

46. Convergent Thinking

  • 🧠 CONVERGE = one

  • ➜ One correct answer

47. Divergent Thinking

  • 🧠 DIVERGE = many

  • ➜ Many possible answers

48. Creativity

  • 🧠 CREATE new

  • ➜ New + useful ideas

49. Algorithm

  • 🧠 ALWAYS works

  • ➜ Step-by-step solution

50. Heuristic

  • 🧠 HURRY

  • ➜ Fast shortcut

51. Insight

  • 🧠 IN-SIGHT = sudden

  • ➜ “Aha!” moment

52. Fixation

  • 🧠 FIXED thinking

  • ➜ Can’t see new way

53. Mental Set

  • 🧠 SET in ways

  • ➜ Same method every time

54. Intuition

  • 🧠 INSTINCT

  • ➜ Gut feeling

55. Confirmation Bias

  • 🧠 CONFIRM only

  • ➜ Seek supporting info

56. Availability Heuristic

  • 🧠 AVAILABLE memory

  • ➜ Easy recall = common

57. Representativeness Heuristic

  • 🧠 REPRESENT prototype

  • ➜ Match stereotype

58. Overconfidence

  • 🧠 OVER-sure

  • ➜ Too confident

59. Belief Perseverance

  • 🧠 PERSEVERE

  • ➜ Stick to belief

60. Framing Effect

  • 🧠 FRAME words

  • ➜ Wording changes choice