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1. Acid detergent fibre (ADF) A chemical analysis that determines the amount of residue (primarily cellulose, lignin and variable amounts of silica) remaining after boiling a feed sample in an acid detergent solution. The ADF value is used to predict the energy content (TDN, NE) of forages.

2. Acid detergent fibre-crude protein (ADF-CP) A laboratory test used to measure the amount of heat damaged protein in hay and haylage, reported on a crude protein basis (nitrogen content multiplied by a factor of 6.25 to convert nitrogen content to a crude protein equivalent basis).

3. Acid detergent fibre-nitrogen (ADF-N) A laboratory test used to measure the amount of heat damaged protein in hay and haylage. The nitrogen (as protein) in this form is unavailable to the animal.

4. Acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) See Acid detergent fibre-nitrogen. 5. Ad libitum (ad lib) A diet offered free-choice, allowing animals to eat as much as they desire; typically allows for 10% leftover from a daily allotment.

6. Aflatoxins: refers to a particular group of mycotoxins produced by some species of the genus Aspergillus

7. Amino acids A class of nitrogen-containing molecules that are the building blocks from which protein is made in the body.

8. Ammoniated Combined or impregnated with ammonia or ammonium compounds.

9. Anthelminic Drug used to control infections of multi-celled parasitic worms (examples of helminthes: flukes, tapeworms, roundworms), commonly known as a wormer.

10. Antibiotic A class of drug usually produced by living organisms (moulds, bacteria or green plants) that can inhibit or kill undesirable bacteria (e.g., penicillin).

11. Anticoccidial See Coccidiostat.

12. Antioxidant A compound added to feeds to prevent the oxidative rancidity of fats.

13. Anti-quality Factors Apart from nutrients, forages may contain various harmful compounds that can adversely affect animal performance and cause sickness or even death; include tannins, nitrates, alkaloids, cyanoglycosides, estrogens and mycotoxins

14. As fed An expression of feed nutrient content with moisture included. Nutrient content on an "as fed" basis is always lower than on a "dry matter" basis.

15. Ash The inorganic mineral elements of animals and plants, determined in a laboratory by burning off the organic matter at a high temperature and weighing the residue (ash).

16. Available protein The portion of the crude protein that can be digested by the animal; it can represent the proportion of total protein after deducting the ADF-N fraction of a feed.

17. Average daily gain (ADG) The average daily liveweight increase of a growing animal, usually expressed in kilograms, grams or pounds/day.

18. Balanced ration A 24-hour feed allowance that provides an animal with appropriate amounts and proportions of all nutrients required for a given level of performance.

19. Beta carotene A pre-cursor of vitamin A provided by green pigment in forages that can be added in a synthetic form to feed mixtures. Claims include improved reproductive efficiency and decreased uterine and mammary infections in dairy cows.

20. Blended [two or more feed ingredients] combined; blending does not imply a uniformity of dispersion.