Greek Med.

GODS & HEROES

• Akhilleus - Greek hero of The Iliad, nearly invincible, avenges Patroklos by killing Hektor.

• Patroklos - Akhilleus' closest companion, killed by Hektor.

• Hektor - Trojan prince, greatest Trojan warrior, killed by Akhilleus.

• Gaia - Primordial Earth goddess, mother of Titans.

• Tartarus - Deep abyss where defeated gods (Titans) are imprisoned.

• Eros - God of love and desire.

• Titans - Pre-Olympian deities, overthrown by Zeus.

• Ouranos - Sky god, castrated by Kronos.

• Kronos - Titan who overthrew Ouranos; later defeated by Zeus.

• Zeus - King of Olympian gods, ruler of the sky.

• Castration of Ouranos - Kronos castrates his father, leading to Aphrodite's birth.

• Prophecy of Zeus' Overthrow - A warning that one of Zeus' children may dethrone him.

• Olympians - Twelve major Greek gods of Mount Olympus.

• Prometheus - Titan who gave fire to humans; punished by Zeus.

• Pandora - First woman, released evils into the world.

MYTHOLOGY & LITERATURE

• Homer - Poet of The Iliad and The Odyssey.

• Theogony (Hesiod) - Tells the origins of gods and Zeus' rise.

• Works and Days (Hesiod) - Includes Pandora's myth and moral teachings.

• Iliad - Epic poem about the Trojan War, focusing on Akhilleus.

• The Homeric Conception of the Body - The Iliad presents the body as separate functions, not a single entity.

• Accuracy of Homeric Wound Descriptions - Detailed, anatomically accurate injuries, like Hektor's death.

• Arrow Extractions in The Iliad - Describes cutting around wounds, removing arrowheads, and using salves.

• Healing in The Iliad - Warrior-physicians (Machaon, Podaleiros) wash wounds, bandage, and use medicinal salves.

• Contagion in The Iliad - Apollo sends a plague to punish the Greeks.

• Fable of the Hawk and Nightingale - Works and Days tale warning against injustice and abuse of power.

• Myth of the Five Races - Works and Days describes five human ages:
  Golden, Silver, Bronze, Heroic, and Iron.

MEDICINE & HEALING

• Asklepios - God of medicine, symbolized by a serpent-entwined staff.

• Cult of Asklepios - Healing sanctuaries (Asclepieia) at Epidaurus, Kos, and elsewhere.

• Spread of the Cult of Asklepios - Expanded across Greece and Rome, blending religious and medical practices.

• Machaon & Podaleiros - Healers in The Iliad, sons of Asklepios.

• Cheiron (Chiron) - Wise centaur, tutor of heroes, expert in medicine.

• Apollo - God of prophecy, music, healing, and the sun.

• Pharmaka - Medicinal substances, including potions and drugs.

• Hippocrates - "Father of Medicine," though much of his work is later attributions.

• Hippocratic Oath - Early medical ethics, emphasizing patient care and "do no harm."

• Epidemics Book I - Medical Ethics - Urged observation, avoiding harm, and acknowledging medical limits.

• Difficulties in Interpreting Diseases - Hippocratic doctors struggled with diagnosis, relying on symptoms and environmental factors.

• Malaria in Ancient Greece - Referenced in Hippocratic texts as a common disease.

• "Disease is Warfare" Metaphor - Greek medical texts compared illness to battle.

• Advertising in Ancient Medicine - The Asclepieion at Epidaurus promoted healing through public inscriptions.

• The Canon - Hippocratic text outlining the ideal physician's qualities.

• Scientific Method in Tradition in Medicine - Defended observation and logic in medicine over divine explanations.

KEY CONCEPTS

• Psyche - Soul/breath of life, leaves the body at death.

• Phrenes - Seat of thought/emotion, located in the chest.

• Thumos - Courage/honor in battle.

• Techne - Greek term for "craft" or "art."

• Soma - Greek word for "body," contrasted with psyche (soul).

• Thanatos - Personification of death.

• Chaos - The void from which the universe emerged.

• Nature of Man & Theory of Humors - Health depends on balancing blood,phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.

• Nature of Man & Theory of Plague - Plagues were seen as divine punishment or environmental imbalances.

TIME PERIODS

• Archaic Period (800-480 BC) - Rise of city-states, early Greek literature,
  Persian Wars.

• Classical Period (480-323 BC) - Height of Athens, democracy, philosophy, ended with Alexander's death.

• Hellenistic Period (323-31 BC) - Spread of Greek culture after Alexander the Great.

• Roman Greece (31 BC - 475 AD) - Greece under Roman rule, cultural blending.

• Golden Age of Athens - 5th century BC, peak of philosophy, drama, and art.