Tectonic plates
- The large and small sections the lithosphere is broken into that interact and create the tectonic activities on Earth.

Compositional
- meaning materials

Compostional layers
- Crust, Mantle, Outer core, Inner core

Crust 

- The outermost layer of Earth where life exists

- The thinnest

- The one that makes up the continents is called the continental crust and is about 40-70km thick

- Made up of light granitic rocks, made up of mostly aluminum silicates.

- 3.8-4 billion years old

- Coverage is 71% of Earth’s surface

- The one that underlies the ocean floor is called the oceanic crust and is about 7-10km thick

- Composed of dense basaltic rocks made up of magnesium silicates.

- Less than 200 million years old

- 29% of Earth’s surface

Mantle

- Semisolid, rocky and very hot

- 2900 km thick

- Makes up 80% of Earth and most of Earth’s mass.

- Composed of ferro-magnesium silicate rocks. It’s top layer has a temperature of about 900°C

- When you go deeper, the temperature increases from 1000°C to 3700°C.

- Upper & lower

- moves

Outer core

- The only layer that is liquid

- Made up of molten nickel and iron

- 2270 km thick

- Temperature ranges from 3700°C to 4300°C

Inner core

- Composed mostly of solid iron

- Extremely hot

- 1220 km diameter

- Temperature is estimated to be 6000°C

- It is solid because of the amount of pressure

Mechanical
- meaning behavior

Mechanical layers
- Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer core, Inner core

Lithosphere,
- a rigid layer that can break under stress.

Asthenosphere. 

- below the lithosphere; is about 180 km thick; contains hot, molten rocks, or magma.

Mesosphere
- below the asthenosphere; a lot of pressure, rigid

Pangaea

- single landmass or super continent

- comes from the Greek words pan which means “all” and gaea which means “Earth”. - Literally translates to “all of Earth” or “all lands”

Contraction theory
- suggests that as Earth cooled after it’s formation, it’s surface contracted and wrinkled, these wrinkles became the mountain ranges on the Earth’s surface.

Theory of Continental drift
- Scientists denied his theory alot, but as time went on, other scientists proved the theory to be right. According to this theory, there was a supercontinent known as Pangaea. 

Alfred Wegener
- proposed the theory continental drift

1912
- when the theory of continental drift was proposed

1-2 inches
- the amount of inches the lithosphere moves per year

Seafloor Spreading Theory
- states that the seaflors or ocean, not the continents, move and carry the continents along

Theory of Plate Tectonics
- incorporates the continental drift theory and the seafloor spreading theory. Explains that Earth’s lithosphere is composed of many independent massive slabs of solid rocks called plates. This movement is due to the convection currents beneath the plates.

Convection
- caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling and sinking again, then cycle repeats.

Plate boundaries
- Regions between plates

Convergent
- towards each other

- Makes earthquakes (from pressure), volcanoes (from subduction zone stuffs), and mountain (if pataas, ifykwim)

Himalayas
- refers to a mountain range in Asia, formed through the collision between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.

Mt. Everest
- measures 29,000 ft, grows about an inch every year

Subduction zone
- is created with convergent boundaries when there is a denser plate that goes down.

Divergent boundaries
- away from each other

- made the East African Great Rift Valley

- If under the ocean, magma oozes out of the Earth's mantle and fills the space. Seafloor spreading. (Mid-Atlantic Ridge - tallest and longest mountain chain)

Transform boundaries
- slide past each other

- makes fault lines

- Building up of pressure, causes an earthquake

San Andreas Fault
- one of the largest transform boundaries in the world