Physics Trial 1

A. Space, Time and Motion

A.1 Kinematics

s: displacement

u: initial velocity

v: final velocity

a: acceleration

t: time

A.2 Forces and momentum

Ff: frictional force (friction)

μs: coefficient of static friction

μd: coefficient of dynamic friction

FN: normal contact force

FH: elastic force from helical spring (Hooke’s Law)

k: spring’s constant

x: extension or compression of spring

Fd: drag force (resistive force from fluids)

η: coefficient of viscosity

r: radius

v: speed

Fb: buoyant force (upthrust)

ρ: density of fluid

V: volume submerged in fluid

g: acceleration of free fall

Fg: gravitational force (weight close to Earth’s surface)

m: mass

g: acceleration of free fall

p: momentum

m: mass

v: velocity

J: impulse

F: force

Δt: time taken

F: resultant/net force

m: mass

a: acceleration

Δp: change in momentum (Δp=mv-mu)

a: centripetal acceleration

v: linear speed

r: radius

T: period

ω: angular speed

A.3 Work Energy Power

W: work done by force F

F: force

s: displacement of point of action of force F

θ: angle between direction of F and direction of s

Ek: kinetic energy

m: mass

v: speed

p: momentum

ΔΕp: change in gravitational potential energy

m: mass

g: acceleration of free fall

Δh: change in height

P: Power

ΔW: work done / energy transferred

Δt: time taken

F: average force

v: average speed

η: efficiency

C. Wave Behaviour

1.C Simple Harmonic Motion

a: acceleration

ω: angular frequency

×: displacement from equilibrium position

Τ: period

f : frequency

ω: angular frequency

T: period of a mass-spring system

m: mass

k: spring’s constant

T: period of simple pendulum

l: length

g: acceleration of free fall (constant)

2.C Wave Model

v: wave speed

f: frequency

λ: wavelength

5.C Doppler Effect

f ΄ :observed frequency

f : emitted frequency

v: wave speed

uo: speed of observer

us: speed of source

D. Fields

1.D Gravitational Fields

F: gravitational force

G: gravitational constant

m1: mass of body 1

m2: mass of body 2

r: distance between the centres of the 2 bodies

g: gravitational field strength

F: gravitational force

m: mass

G: gravitational constant

M: mass of the body that creates the gravitational field

r: distance from the centre of that body