Questionnaires: Pprt 132 LEC

1. Insect physiology primarily focuses on:

A) The structure of insects.

B) The function of insect structures and organ systems.

C) The classification of insects.

D) The behavior of insects.

Letter : B

2. What is the insect integument?

A) The internal organs.

B) The exoskeleton.

C) The nervous system.

D) The circulatory system.

Letter: B

3. Toxicology is the study of:

A) Beneficial effects of chemicals.

B) Harmful actions of chemicals on biological tissue.

C) The synthesis of chemicals.

D) The metabolism of chemicals in plants.

Letter B

4. Acute toxicity refers to:

A) Long-term effects of low doses.

B) Short-term effects of a single high dose.

C) Long-term effects of high doses.

D) Short-term effects of low doses.

Letter: B

5. LD50 represents:

A) The dose causing 50% mortality.

B) The dose causing 100% mortality.

C) The dose causing 25% mortality.

D) The dose causing 75% mortality.

Letter A

6. What is apolysis?

A) Shedding of the old exoskeleton.

B) The separation of the old cuticle from the epidermis.

C) The hardening of the new cuticle.

D) The secretion of new cuticle materials.

Letter .B

7. The hormone primarily responsible for molting is:

A) Juvenile hormone.

B) Ecdysone.

C) Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH).

D) Bursicon.

Letter B

8. Which layer of the epicuticle is primarily responsible for waterproofing?

A) Cement layer.

B) Wax layer

C) Polyphenol layer.

D) Cuticulin layer

Letter .B

9. What is the primary function of the epidermis in insects?

A) Muscle attachment.

B) Locomotion

C) Secretion of the cuticle.

D) Gas exchange

Letter .C

10. What is the role of juvenile hormone (JH)?

A) Initiate molting.

B) Initiate metamorphosis

C) Maintain juvenile characteristics.

D) Harden the cuticle

Letter. C

11. The prothoracic gland produces:

A) Juvenile hormone.

B) Ecdysone

C) Prothoracicotropic hormone.

D) Bursicon

Letter. B

12. The corpora allata produce:

A) Ecdysone.

B) Juvenile hormone

C) Prothoracicotropic hormone.

D) Bursicon

Letter. B

13. What type of circulatory system do insects possess?

A) Closed circulatory system.

B) Open circulatory system

C) Double circulatory system.

D) No circulatory system

Letter. B

14. The dorsal vessel in insects is primarily responsible for:

A) Gas exchange.

B) Digestion

C) Blood circulation.

D) Nervous system function

Letter. C

15. Hemolymph in insects is analogous to:

A) Bones in vertebrates.

B) Blood in vertebrates

C) Nerves in vertebrates.

D) Muscles in vertebrates

Letter .B

16. What is the hemocoel?

A) The heart of the insect.

B) The main body cavity of the insect

C) The insect's nervous system.

D) The insect's digestive system

Letter B

17. The spiracles in insects are:

A) Structures for excretion.

B) Openings for gas exchange

C) Sensory organs.

D) Structures for reproduction

Letter .B

18. Which of the following is NOT a type of metamorphosis?

A) Ametabolous.

B) Paurometabolous

C) Holometabolous.

D) Hypermetabolous

Letter .D

19. What is the function of the Malpighian tubules?

A) Respiration.

B) Excretion

C) Digestion.

D) Reproduction

Letter B

20. The primary function of the insect's digestive system is:

A) To transport oxygen.

B) To process food.

C) To control body temperature.

D) To produce hormones.

Letter B

21. What is an ovariole?

A) A type of muscle fiber.

B) A unit of the ovary where eggs are produced

C) A part of the digestive system.

D) A type of sensory receptor

Letter B

22. What is the function of the spermatheca in female insects?

A) To produce eggs.

B) To store sperm

C) To secrete hormones.

D) To digest food

Letter B

23. What is parthenogenesis?

A) Development of an egg without fertilization.

B) Development of a larva inside the egg.

C) The process of molting.

D) The fusion of egg and sperm.

Letter A

24. What is oviparity?

A) Live birth.

B) Egg-laying

C) Parthenogenesis.

D) Hermaphroditism

Letter B

25. What is the aedeagus?

A) The female reproductive organ.

B) The male copulatory organ

C) A type of gland.

D) A part of the digestive system

Letter B

26. What is the function of the alary muscles?

A) To pump hemolymph.

B) To control wing movement

C) To digest food.

D) To produce hormones

Letter A

27. Insecticides are classified based on all the following EXCEPT:

A) Chemical composition.

B) Mode of entry

C) Toxicity.

D) Species of insect they target.

Letter .D

28. What is the role of an insecticide synergist?

A) To increase the toxicity of the active ingredient.

B) To dilute the active ingredient.

C) To improve the solubility of the active ingredient.

D) To act as a preservative.

Letter A

29. What does an MSDS provide information on?

A) The marketing strategy for a pesticide.

B) The environmental impact of a pesticide

C) The production methods for a pesticide.

D) The properties and safety of a pesticide

Letter D

30. What is the MRL (Maximum Residue Limit)?

A) The maximum amount of pesticide allowed in a formulation

B) The maximum amount of pesticide allowed on a crop

C) The lethal dose for 50% mortality

D) The maximum concentration of a pesticide in the air.

Letter. B

31. What is the primary mode of action for carbamate insecticides?

A) Inhibition of sodium channels.

B) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

C) Activation of GABA receptors.

D) Disruption of chitin biosynthesis

Answer: B

32. Organophosphate insecticides were initially developed in relation to:

A) Research on nerve gas.

B) Research on plant growth regulators

C) Research on natural pesticides.

D) Research on microbial insecticides

Answer: A

33. What is the primary mode of action of organophosphate insecticides?

A) Inhibition of sodium channels.

B) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

C) Activation of GABA receptors.

D) Disruption of chitin biosynthesis.

Answer: B

34. What is the primary mode of action of endosulfan?

A) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

B) Blockage of GABA receptors.

C) Activation of ryanodine receptors.

D) Disruption of chitin biosynthesis.

Answer: B

35. What is the primary mode of action of pyrethroid insecticides?

A) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

B) Blockage of GABA receptors.

C) Modification of sodium channels.

D) Disruption of chitin biosynthesis.

Answer: C

36. What is the mode of action of neonicotinoid insecticides?

A) Inhibition of sodium channels.

B) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

C) Competitive modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

D) Disruption of chitin biosynthesis

Answer: C

37. What is the primary mode of action of spinosyns?

A) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

B) Allosteric modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

C) Inhibition of chitin biosynthesis.

D) Blockage of GABA-gated chloride channels.

Answer: B

38. What is the primary mode of action of avermectins?

A) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

B) Activation of glutamate-gated chloride channels

C) Inhibition of chitin biosynthesis.

D) Modification of sodium channels

Answer: B

39. What is the mode of action of juvenile hormone mimics?

A) Disruption of molting and metamorphosis.

B) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

C) Activation of GABA receptors.

D) Disruption of chitin biosynthesis.

Answer: A

40. What is the primary target of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins?

A) The nervous system.

B) The digestive system

C) The reproductive system.

D) The cuticle

Answer: B

41. What is a plastron in aquatic insects?

A) A type of gill.

B) A respiratory siphon

C) A film of air held by hydrofuge hairs.

D) A caudal breathing tube

Answer: C

42. What is the main type of reproduction in most insect species?

A) Parthenogenesis.

B) Hermaphroditism

C) Bisexual, biparental.

D) Paedogenesis

Answer: C

43. What is the bursa copulatrix?

A) A type of ovary.

B) A structure for sperm storage

C) A genital chamber in females.

D) A part of the male reproductive system

Answer: C

44. What is the function of the accessory glands in the female reproductive system?

A) Produce eggs.

B) Store sperm

C) Secrete substances for egg shell formation.

D) Transport eggs

Answer: C

45. What is the name of the functional unit within the testes where sperm are produced?

A) Ovariole.

B) Follicle

C) Seminal vesicle.

D) Vas deferens

Answer: B

46. Which zone within a testis follicle contains spermatogonia?

A) Zone of growth.

B) Zone of division and reduction

C) Zone of transformation.

D) Germarium

Answer: D

47. What is the function of the vas deferens?

A) Sperm production.

B) Sperm storage

C) Sperm transport.

D) Seminal fluid production

Answer: C

48. What is adenoparous viviparity?

A) Live birth with nourishment from milk glands.

B) Live birth with nourishment from the hemolymph

C) Egg-laying with eggs hatching internally.

D) Live birth with nourishment from a pseudo placenta

Answer: A

49. What is thelytoky?

A) Parthenogenesis producing only males.

B) Parthenogenesis producing only females

C) Parthenogenesis producing both males and females.

D) Sexual reproduction

Answer: B

50. What is paedogenesis?

A) Reproduction by egg-laying.

B) Reproduction by live birth

C) Reproduction by immature stages.

D) Reproduction without fertilization

Answer: C

51. What is polyembryony?

A) Development of multiple embryos from a single egg

B) Development of a single embryo from multiple eggs

C) Parthenogenetic reproduction

D) Hermaphroditic reproduction

Answer: A

52. What is the aorta in the insect circulatory system?

A) The heart.

B) The anterior part of the dorsal vessel

C) An accessory pulsatile organ.

D) A type of blood cell

Answer: B

53. What are ostia?

A) Valves in the heart.

B) Alary muscles

C) Accessory pulsatile organs.

D) Types of hemocytes

Answer: A

54. What is the perivisceral sinus?

A) The main body cavity.

B) A part of the heart

C) A type of blood cell

D) The lower body cavity separated from the pericardial sinus by the dorsal diaphragm

Answer: D

55. What is the main function of the ventral diaphragm?

A) Separate upper and lower body cavities.

B) Help perfuse the ventral nerve cord

C) Pump hemolymph into the legs.

D) Transport oxygen

Answer: B

56. What is the composition of hemolymph?

A) Primarily oxygen.

B) Primarily water, with other components

C) Primarily lipids.

D) Primarily proteins

Answer: B

57. What is a major function of hemocytes?

A) Oxygen transport.

B) Immune response

C) Digestion.

D) Hormone production

Answer: B

58. What is a major factor influencing the formulation of insecticides?

A) The type of plant being treated.

B) The climate of the growing region

C) The cost of production.

D) The chemical and physical properties of the active ingredient

Answer: D

59. What is a diluent in an insecticide formulation?

A) The active ingredient.

B) The solvent

C) An inert material that dilutes the active ingredient.

D) A substance that increases toxicity

Answer: C

60. What is the purpose of a synergist in an insecticide formulation?

A) To increase the effectiveness of the active ingredient

B) To improve the solubility of the active ingredient

C) To act as a preservative

D) To dilute the active ingredient

Answer: A

61. What is the primary objective of pesticide regulation?

A) To increase crop yields.

B) To maximize profits for pesticide companies.

C) To protect humans and the environment.

D) To simplify international trade agreements.

Answer: C

62. What information is contained in a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?

A) Marketing strategies for pesticides.

B) Environmental impact assessments.

C) Detailed chemical and safety information.

D) Production methods for pesticides.

Answer: C

63. What does the term "Maximum Residue Limit" (MRL) refer to?

A) The maximum amount of pesticide allowed in a formulation.

B) The maximum amount of pesticide residue legally permitted in food.

C) The lethal dose of a pesticide.

D) The concentration of a pesticide in the air.

Answer: B

64. What organization assigns common names to pesticide active ingredients?

A) World Health Organization (WHO).

B) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

C) International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

D) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Answer: C

65. What is a trade name in relation to insecticides?

A) The common name for an active ingredient.

B) The chemical name of a compound.

C) The name under which a product is sold.

D) The scientific classification of the insecticide.

Answer: C

66. Which of these is NOT a type of insecticide formulation?

A) Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC).

B) Suspension Concentrate (SC)

C) Water-Dispersible Granule (WG).

D) Water-Soluble Solution (WSS)

Answer: D (While water-soluble concentrates exist, "Water-Soluble Solution" isn't a standard term used

in the text.)

67. What is the function of an emulsifier in an emulsifiable concentrate (EC)?

A) To increase the active ingredient's toxicity.

B) To help disperse the concentrate in water.

C) To act as a preservative.

D) To increase the active ingredient's solubility in oil.

Answer: B

68. What is microencapsulation in the context of insecticide formulations?

A) The process of finely grinding an active ingredient.

B) Surrounding microscopic droplets of an active ingredient with a polymer coating.

C) Dissolving an active ingredient in oil.

D) Mixing an active ingredient with an attractive substance.

Answer: B

69. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using entomopathogenic fungi as insecticides?

A) Low toxicity to beneficial insects.

B) Easy to store and transport

C) Residual effects.

D) Compatible with chemical insecticides

Answer: B

70. What is the function of attractants in new generation insecticide formulations?

A) To repel pests.

B) To increase the active ingredient's toxicity.

C) To lure pests to a treated area.

D) To act as a preservative.

Answer: C

71. What is the primary mode of action for carbamate insecticides?

A) Inhibition of sodium channels.

B) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

C) Activation of GABA receptors.

D) Disruption of chitin biosynthesis

Answer: B

72. Organophosphate insecticides were initially developed in relation to:

A) Research on nerve gas.

B) Research on plant growth regulators

C) Research on natural pesticides.

D) Research on microbial insecticides

Answer: A

73. What is the primary mode of action of organophosphate insecticides?

A) Inhibition of sodium channels.

B) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

C) Activation of GABA receptors.

D) Disruption of chitin biosynthesis.

Answer: B

74. What is the primary mode of action of endosulfan?

A) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

B) Blockage of GABA receptors.

C) Activation of ryanodine receptors.

D) Disruption of chitin biosynthesis.

Answer: B

75. What is the primary mode of action of pyrethroid insecticides?

A) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

B) Blockage of GABA receptors.

C) Modification of sodium channels.

D) Disruption of chitin biosynthesis.

Answer: C

76. What is the mode of action of neonicotinoid insecticides?

A) Inhibition of sodium channels

B) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

C) Competitive modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

D) Disruption of chitin biosynthesis

Answer: C

77. What is the primary mode of action of spinosyns?

A) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

B) Allosteric modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

C) Inhibition of chitin biosynthesis.

D) Blockage of GABA-gated chloride channels.

Answer: B

78. What is the primary mode of action of avermectins?

A) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

B) Activation of glutamate-gated chloride channels

C) Inhibition of chitin biosynthesis.

D) Modification of sodium channels

Answer: B

79. What is the mode of action of juvenile hormone mimics?

A) Disruption of molting and metamorphosis.

B) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

C) Activation of GABA receptors.

D) Disruption of chitin biosynthesis.

Answer: A

80. What is the primary target of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins?

A) The nervous system.

B) The digestive system

C) The reproductive system.

D) The cuticle

Answer: B

81. Cry toxins from Bt are primarily active against which insect group?

A) Hemiptera (true bugs).

B) Coleoptera (beetles)

C) Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths).

D) All of the above

Answer: D (While the text emphasizes specific Cry proteins targeting certain groups, it also indicates

they affect a wider range.)

82. What is the main effect of chitin biosynthesis inhibitors on insects?

A) Disruption of the nervous system.

B) Disruption of the digestive system.

C) Prevention of successful molting.

D) Disruption of the reproductive system.

Answer: C

83. Which insecticide is a molting disruptor, specifically targeting Diptera?

A) Diflubenzuron.

B) Methoprene

C) Cyromazine.

D) Tebufenozide

Answer: C

84. What is the primary mode of action of ecdysone receptor agonists?

A) Disrupting chitin biosynthesis.

B) Mimicking the molting hormone

C) Inhibiting acetylcholinesterase.

D) Blocking GABA receptors

Answer: B

85. Which of the following insecticide groups was dominant in the 1940s-1950s?

A) Pyrethroids.

B) Organophosphates

C) Neonicotinoids.

D) Organochlorines

Answer: D

87. What are baculoviruses?

A) Bacteria.

B) Fungi

C) Viruses.

D) Protozoa

Answer: C

86. Baculoviruses primarily infect insects through which route?

A) Respiratory system.

B) Circulatory system

C) Digestive system.

D) Cuticle

Answer: C

88. What is a disadvantage of using entomopathogenic fungi as insecticides?

A) High toxicity to humans.

B) Narrow host range

C) Long residual effects.

D) High cost of production

Answer: B