Multiple Choice Situational Questions:

1. A child is brought to the clinic with fever, sore throat, and purulent nasal drainage. The physician suspects rubella. Which other sign would confirm this suspicion? a) Koplik spots
   b) Vesicular rash
   c) Forscheimer spots
   d) Papular rash on trunk

2. A 4-year-old child diagnosed with varicella is being monitored in the hospital. What is the primary nursing intervention to prevent complications? a) Administer antibiotics
   b) Provide cool mist humidifier
   c) Apply calamine lotion for itching
   d) Isolate the child using droplet and contact precautions

3. A child with HIV presents with recurrent fungal infections and significant weight loss. The CD4 count is 180 cells/µl. What is the most appropriate diagnosis? a) Asymptomatic HIV
   b) Early symptomatic HIV
   c) AIDS
   d) Acute HIV infection

4. Which of the following children is most at risk for osteomyelitis? a) A child recovering from chickenpox
   b) A child with diabetes mellitus
   c) A child who recently received the MMR vaccine
   d) A child with recurrent urinary tract infections

5. A nurse is assessing a child with varicella. The mother asks when the child is no longer contagious. What is the correct response? a) When the fever resolves
   b) When all lesions are crusted over
   c) After 5 days of antiviral treatment
   d) When the rash begins to appear

6. A newborn is diagnosed with HIV after vertical transmission from the mother. What is the most likely stage of HIV infection at birth? a) Acute HIV infection
   b) Seroconversion
   c) Asymptomatic stage
   d) AIDS

7. A child presents with severe back pain, weight loss, night sweats, and a positive tuberculin test. What condition should the nurse suspect? a) Osteomyelitis
   b) Rubeola
   c) Pott's disease
   d) Varicella

8. A child has been diagnosed with rubeola and is on droplet isolation. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to find? a) Forscheimer spots
   b) Koplik spots
   c) Vesicles
   d) Petechial rash

9. A pediatric patient with HIV presents with chronic diarrhea, oral thrush, and weight loss. Which nursing diagnosis takes priority? a) Risk for infection
   b) Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements
   c) Social isolation
   d) Acute pain

10. What is the primary nursing intervention for a child diagnosed with rubeola? a) Administer acetaminophen for fever
    b) Encourage the child to stay in bed for 2 weeks
    c) Prepare the child for antiviral therapy
    d) Place the child in strict isolation for 10 days

11. A child with osteomyelitis has an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). What is the significance of these lab results? a) Evidence of nutritional deficiencies
    b) Indicators of acute inflammation
    c) Signs of infection resolution
    d) Indicative of a viral infection

12. A child with rubella presents with fever, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash. Which other condition should the nurse assess for in this patient? a) Conjunctivitis
    b) Otitis media
    c) Arthritis
    d) Pneumonia

13. A 6-year-old with HIV has a CD4 count of 650 cells/µl. What stage of HIV infection does this represent? a) Acute HIV
    b) Clinical latency
    c) AIDS
    d) Seroconversion

14. A child diagnosed with Pott's disease is experiencing spinal cord compression. What is the most appropriate nursing action? a) Administer antiviral medication
    b) Prepare the child for surgical decompression
    c) Provide physical therapy for mobility
    d) Start antitubercular medication

15. A pediatric patient with chickenpox presents with vesicular lesions that have started to crust over. What instruction should the nurse give to the parents? a) The child can return to school
    b) Continue isolation until all lesions crust over
    c) Administer antiviral medications for two more days
    d) Avoid giving the child any fluids until the fever subsides

16. Which patient is at the highest risk for contracting HIV? a) A child exposed to varicella
    b) A child receiving intravenous fluids after surgery
    c) A child with repeated blood transfusions
    d) A child recently diagnosed with asthma

17. A child is diagnosed with acute osteomyelitis following a fracture. What is the most important nursing intervention? a) Administer high doses of analgesics
    b) Immobilize the affected limb
    c) Encourage weight-bearing activities
    d) Apply cold compresses

18. A 4-year-old with rubeola has conjunctivitis and a persistent cough. What should the nurse do to minimize discomfort? a) Apply a warm compress to the eyes
    b) Encourage fluid restriction
    c) Increase exposure to bright light
    d) Administer antihistamines for cough

19. A child with Pott's disease is undergoing antitubercular therapy. Which medication is likely to cause peripheral neuropathy if taken without vitamin B6 supplementation? a) Rifampin
    b) Isoniazid
    c) Pyrazinamide
    d) Ethambutol

20. A child with varicella is prescribed antihistamines to relieve itching. What should the nurse advise the parents? a) Do not apply topical lotions
    b) Use antihistamines only at night
    c) Watch for signs of drowsiness
    d) Combine antihistamines with antiviral therapy

Situational Identification Questions:

1. A child presents with a maculopapular rash, swollen lymph nodes, and fever, and the parent reports a rash that started on the face and spread to the trunk. What condition is likely?

2. A newborn with a history of maternal HIV infection has a CD4 count of 180 cells/µl. What condition does this indicate?

3. A 10-year-old presents with severe back pain, weight loss, and night sweats, and a tuberculin test shows positive results. What is the likely diagnosis?

4. A child with varicella is brought to the hospital. The lesions have scabbed over, and the fever has resolved. What stage of the disease is the child in?

5. A 5-year-old child has been diagnosed with osteomyelitis following a recent fracture. What would be the best diagnostic tool to confirm the diagnosis?

6. A child with rubeola has conjunctivitis, a red rash, and gray specks with red halos inside the buccal mucosa. What sign is present, and what disease does this confirm?

7. A 4-year-old patient has been diagnosed with Pott’s disease. What is the main risk factor associated with this condition?

8. A child with a severe immune deficiency presents with recurrent fungal infections, chronic diarrhea, and failure to thrive. What stage of HIV is most likely?

9. A pediatric patient is being treated for varicella and is using antihistamines to relieve itching. What common side effect should the nurse monitor for?

10. A child with spinal tuberculosis presents with progressive back pain and spinal cord compression. What surgical intervention is necessary?

Key to Correction:

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. c

2. d

3. c

4. b

5. b

6. a

7. c

8. b

9. b

10. a

11. b

12. c

13. b

14. b

15. b

16. c

17. b

18. a

19. b

20. c

Situational Identification:

1. Rubella

2. AIDS

3. Pott’s disease

4. Recovery stage

5. MRI or bone scan

6. Koplik spots, Rubeola

7. Close contact with tuberculosis

8. AIDS

9. Drowsiness

10. Surgical decompression (laminectomy)