Comsol Introductory Notes

Nanochannel: 10^-9

Microchannel: 10^-6

0.5 mm 1 mm 1.5 mm

Diffusion:

• Definition: Diffusion is the process by which molecules or particles spread from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. It is a fundamental concept in physics, chemistry, and biology, driven by the kinetic energy of molecules.

Electrolytes:

• Definition: Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water or other solvents, conducting electricity. Common electrolytes include salts, acids, and bases, which are essential for many biological and chemical processes.

Basics of Ion Currents:

• Definition: Ion currents refer to the flow of charged ions through a medium, such as a biological membrane or an electrolyte solution. This flow is driven by differences in ion concentration and electrical potential, playing a crucial role in processes like nerve impulse transmission and electrochemical reactions.

DNA:

• Definition: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. It is composed of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction):

• Definition: PCR is a laboratory technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences. Through repeated cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension, PCR can generate millions of copies of a DNA segment, making it a powerful tool in molecular biology and genetics.

RPA (Recombinase Polymerase Amplification):

• Definition: RPA is an isothermal DNA amplification method that uses recombinase enzymes, DNA polymerase, and single-stranded DNA-binding proteins to rapidly amplify DNA at a constant temperature, typically between 37-42°C. It is used for various applications including diagnostics and research.

Various Amplification Reactions:

• Definition: This refers to different methods used to amplify DNA or RNA, including techniques like PCR, RPA, Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP), and others. Each method has unique advantages for specific applications in diagnostics, research, and biotechnology.

Differential Equations:

• Definition: Differential equations are mathematical equations that involve functions and their derivatives. They describe how a quantity changes over time or space and are fundamental in modeling physical, biological, and engineering systems.

Kirchhoff's Current Law:

• Definition: Kirchhoff's laws include two rules (Kirchhoff's current law and Kirchhoff's voltage law) used in electrical circuit theory. These laws help analyze the flow of electric current and the distribution of voltage in electrical circuits.

Kirchhoff's Circuit Law:

• Definition: Kirchhoff's circuit laws are specific rules for electric circuits. Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) states that the total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving the junction. Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) states that the sum of electrical potential differences (voltage) around any closed circuit loop is zero.

3D Modeling (Fusion 360):

• Definition: Fusion 360 is a cloud-based 3D CAD, CAM, and CAE tool for product design and manufacturing. It enables users to create, edit, and visualize 3D models for engineering and design purposes.

How to Import Fusion Model to COMSOL:

• Definition: To import a Fusion 360 model into COMSOL Multiphysics, you typically export the model from Fusion 360 in a compatible file format (such as STEP, IGES, or STL) and then import that file into COMSOL. This process allows you to use the 3D model for simulations and analyses in COMSOL.