Untitled Flashcards Set

Virginia Plan -a plan giving supreme power to the central government and creating a bicameral legislature made up of two groups, or houses, of representatives New Jersey Plan -a plan creating a unicameral, or one-house, legislature Great Compromise -an agreement that gave each state one vote in the upper house of the legislature and a number of representatives based on its population in the lower house Three-Fifths Compromise- only three-fifths of a state's slaves were counted when deciding representation in Congress double jeopardy-a rule that says a person cannot be tried for the same crime more than once eminent domain- the power of the government to take personal property to benefit the public Judiciary Act of 1789- an act that created three levels of federal courts and defined their powers and relationships to the state courts French Revolution -a rebellion of the French people against their king that led to the creation of a republican government Neutrality Proclamation -a formal statement that the United States would not take sides with any European countries who were at war Jay's Treaty-an agreement that settled the disputes between the United States and Britain in the early 1790s Pinckney's Treaty -an agreement that settled border and trade disputes with Spain Battle of Fallen Timbers- the battle that broke the strength of Native American forces in the Northwest Territory Treaty of Greenville- an agreement that gave the United States right of entry to American Indian lands Whiskey Rebellion- an uprising in which some farmers refused to pay the whiskey tax XYZ affair - a French demand for a $250,000 bribe and a $12 million loan in exchange for a treaty Alien and Sedition Acts -laws meant to crush opposition to war that deprived people of the freedom to say and write what they believed Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions- formal statements that argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional John Adams- Federalist president first elected in 1796 who lost the 1800 presidential election Louisiana Purchase -the purchase of Louisiana from France for $15 million, which roughly doubled the size of the United States Meriwether Lewis -a former army captain chosen by Jefferson to lead an expedition to explore the lands of the Louisiana Purchase William Clark- co-leader of the western expedition Sacagawea- Shoshone who helped the expedition by naming plants and gathering edible fruits and vegetables for the group John Marshall- a Federalist appointed by Adams to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Marbury v. Madison- a case that established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review judicial review- the Supreme Court's power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional McCulloch v. Maryland- the case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional Whig Party- a political group supported by people who opposed Andrew Jackson Panic of 1837- a financial crisis that led to a severe economic depression nullification crisis- the dispute over whether states had the right to nullify, or disobey, any federal law with which they disagreed Tariff of Abominations- the nickname given to a tariff by the southerners who opposed it Indian Removal Act - the act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River Bureau of Indian Affairs- an agency created to oversee the federal policy toward Native Americans