People

Section 1: Enlightenment Thinkers

1. John Locke — Believed people had natural rights to life, liberty, and property and could overthrow unfair governments.

2. Montesquieu — Believed government power should be separated into different branches to prevent tyranny.

3. Voltaire — Supported freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and individual liberties.

4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau — Believed governments should follow the will of the people through a social contract.

5. Mary Wollstonecraft — Argued that women deserved equal educational opportunities and rights.

6. Olympe de Gouges — French activist who demanded equal rights for women during the French Revolution.

Section 2: Revolutionary Leaders

7. Napoleon Bonaparte — French emperor who conquered much of Europe and spread revolutionary reforms.

8. Toussaint L'Ouverture — Formerly enslaved leader who helped lead the Haitian Revolution against French colonial rule.

9. Simón Bolívar — Revolutionary leader who helped several South American countries gain independence from Spain.

10. Miguel Hidalgo — Mexican priest who began an independence movement against Spanish rule in 1810.

11. José de San Martín — Military leader who helped Argentina, Chile, and Peru gain independence from Spain.

Section 3: Nationalist Leaders

12. Otto von Bismarck — Prussian leader who unified Germany through diplomacy and warfare using Realpolitik.

13. Giuseppe Garibaldi — Italian military leader who helped unify Italy through military campaigns.

14. Giuseppe Mazzini — Italian nationalist who promoted the creation of a united and independent Italy.