Memory is generally divided into three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. 8
The Multi Store Model, proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968), is a widely influential model that illustrates the human memory system. 9
It consists of three main components:
Sensory registers: hold information from sensory inputs briefly.
Short-term memory (STM): has limited capacity and duration, information can be lost through displacement or lack of rehearsal. γ4,5,6,7,8γ
Long-term memory (LTM): has large capacity and long duration, information is coded semantically. 3
The model is oversimplified and has several limitations, such as assuming STM and LTM are unitary stores and that all items in STM are of equal status. γ12,13γ
However, the separation of STM and LTM is considered one of the key elements closest to the truth so far. γ15,16γ
The Working Memory Model, proposed by Baddeley and Hitch (1974), argues that STM should not be seen as a simple holding pen, but rather a system for temporary storage and manipulation of information. γ17,18,19,20,21γ
The Levels of Processing Theory (Craik & Lockhart, 1972) suggests that the depth or level of processing during encoding affects memorability. γ22,23,24,25γ
Deeper, semantic processing leads to better long-term retention compared to shallow, perceptual processing. γ25,26,27γ
Encoding involves two major processes: organization and the use of mnemonics. γ29,30,31γ
Retrieval cues, such as environmental context or internal state, can facilitate the accessibility of available memories. γ32,33,34γ
The Encoding Specificity Principle states that recall is maximized when the retrieval context matches the encoding context. γ33,34γ
Forgetting can be explained by decay of memories over time or interference from new or old information. γ35,36,37γ
Retroactive interference (new information disrupting old memories) and proactive interference (old information disrupting new memories) can both contribute to forgetting. 5
memory
Memory is generally divided into three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. 8
The Multi Store Model, proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968), is a widely influential model that illustrates the human memory system. 9
It consists of three main components:
Sensory registers: hold information from sensory inputs briefly.
Short-term memory (STM): has limited capacity and duration, information can be lost through displacement or lack of rehearsal. γ4,5,6,7,8γ
Long-term memory (LTM): has large capacity and long duration, information is coded semantically. 3
The model is oversimplified and has several limitations, such as assuming STM and LTM are unitary stores and that all items in STM are of equal status. γ12,13γ
However, the separation of STM and LTM is considered one of the key elements closest to the truth so far. γ15,16γ
The Working Memory Model, proposed by Baddeley and Hitch (1974), argues that STM should not be seen as a simple holding pen, but rather a system for temporary storage and manipulation of information. γ17,18,19,20,21γ
The Levels of Processing Theory (Craik & Lockhart, 1972) suggests that the depth or level of processing during encoding affects memorability. γ22,23,24,25γ
Deeper, semantic processing leads to better long-term retention compared to shallow, perceptual processing. γ25,26,27γ
Encoding involves two major processes: organization and the use of mnemonics. γ29,30,31γ
Retrieval cues, such as environmental context or internal state, can facilitate the accessibility of available memories. γ32,33,34γ
The Encoding Specificity Principle states that recall is maximized when the retrieval context matches the encoding context. γ33,34γ
Forgetting can be explained by decay of memories over time or interference from new or old information. γ35,36,37γ
Retroactive interference (new information disrupting old memories) and proactive interference (old information disrupting new memories) can both contribute to forgetting. 5