Exam 4 Adult Health 1

  1. Onset: 15-30 min / Peak: 30-90 min = Rapid-Acting Insulin

  2. Onset: 3-6 hours / Peak: NO peak = Long-Acting Insulin

  3. Pioglitazone = Thiazolidinediones (TZD)

  4. Acarbose (Precose) = Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor

  5. Helps pancreas release the right amount of insulin when blood sugar is high. Slows the rate at which stomach empties after eating. Complication: weight loss, nausea, & ileus = Incretin Mimics: Glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1)

  6. Glipizide & Glyburide = Sulfonylureas

  7. Enhances insulin action at the receptor site without increasing insulin from beta cells in pancreas & decrease glucose. Complication: increased risk for heart related deaths, anemia, weight gain, hyperlipidemia, impaired platelet function = Thiazolidinedione (TZD)

  8. Diabetic Diet = Carbs: 50-60%, Fats: 20-30%, Protein: 10-20%, Fiber: 25 g

  9. Onset: 1-1.5 hrs / Peak: 4-12 = Intermediate-Acting Insulin

  10. Stimulate beta cells in pancreas to secrete more insulin. Complication: hypoglycemia, weight gain, drug interaction w/NSAIDs, warfarin, & sulfonamides = Sulfonylureas

  11. Diabetic Fasting Blood Sugar = >126 mg/dL

  12. Normal Fasting Blood Sugar = 70-110 mg/dL

  13. Hypoglycemia = <70 mg/dL

  14. Pramlintide (Symlim) = Amylinomimetics

  15. Delays absorption of glucose in intestinal system, resulting in a lower postprandial blood glucose level. Complication: contraindicated in pt. w/GI or kidney dysfunction, or cirrhosis. Hypoglycemia must be treated with glucose NOT sucrose. = Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor

  16. Diabetic HDL Level (good cholesterol) = <40 mg/dL

  17. Works with insulin to control blood sugars after meals (Lowers appetite). Acts like Amylin. Complication: hypoglycemia, nausea, vomiting, headache. = Amylinomimetics

  18. Onset: 30-60 min / Peak: 2-3 hrs / Giver 30 min before meals = Short Acting Insulin

  19. (Type 2 diabetes med) Inhibiting glucose production in liver. Complication: contraindicated in pt. w/kidney issues & must be held 48 hr prior to any contrast dye. Monitor creatinine & BUN level. = Biguanides

  20. Glargine or Detemir = Long-Acting Insulin

  21. Regular Insulin = Short-Acting Insulin

  22. Prediabetic A1C = 5.7-6.4%

  23. Diabetic Random Blood Sugar = >200 mg/dL

  24. NPH = Intermediate-Acting Insulin

  25. Metformin = Biguanides

  26. Diabetic LDL Level (bad cholesterol) = >100 mg/dL

  27. Semaglutide (Ozempic) (Wegory) "-tide" = Incretin Mimics: Glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1)

  28. Diabetic A1C = 6.5% or greater (7% is target range)

  29. Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine = Rapid-Acting Insulin

  30. Normal A1C = 4-6%

  31. Medication for Addisonian Crisis = hydrocortisone replacement (glucocorticoids)

  32. ↓ cortisol, blood sugar, sodium / ↑ potassium, BUN, ACTH / hypotension = Addison’s disease

  33. ↑ blood glucose, ↓ calcium, ↓ potassium = Cushing’s disease