Recording-2025-04-01T17:17:27.688Z

Introduction to Red Figure Style

• Discussion on the evolution from Archaic to Classical period art (late 6th, early 5th century BCE)

• Review of an object: the Euphronius Crater, a notable example of attic red-figure pottery, dating back to May.

• Characteristics of Red Figure Pottery

  • Involves a brush technique allowing more detail compared to the black-figure style.

  • Cleaner lines and ability to show overlaps, enhancing the fluidity of human forms.

  • Offers a more painterly aesthetic, giving attention to anatomy.

The Sarpedon Crater

• Crafted by potter Zeppeus and painted by Euthytonius.

• Depicts the twins Hypnos (Sleep) and Thanatos (Death) carrying off Sarpedon from the battlefield of Troy on one side, and Athenian youths preparing for military service on the other.

Shift in Themes Over Time

• Transition from mythological themes towards social and cultural depictions, especially focusing on symposium culture.

• Example: Revelers amphora by Nephenides, depicting tipsy revelers, marking a move towards everyday life scenes rather than solely mythical narratives.

Artistic Innovations

• Euthymides' work shows advancement in the depiction of motion compared to Euphronius, emphasizing three-quarter views and dynamic positioning.

• Athena's artistic culture compared to contemporary sculpture, noting the evolving representations of the human body.

Historical Context of Tyranny in Athens

• A discussion of Pisistratus, an Athenian tyrant (mid 6th century BCE).

  • Policies focused on strengthening agriculture and promoting Athenian exports.

  • Building projects influenced Athens' cultural output, including the production of red and black figure vessels.

• The drawbacks of tyranny, usually lasting only a couple of generations due to reliance on the personal charisma of the ruler.

  • After feeling the effects of the Alcmaeonidae family's influence and political maneuvering, Pisistratus' lineage faced expulsion.

The Role of Mythology and Identity

• Discussion on how mythological figures like Theseus were utilized for promoting the new democracy post-tyranny.

• Emphasis on civic identity through myth creation, notably through architectural and artistic representations.

  • Mention of the Treasury of the Athenians at Delphi, constructed to symbolize Athenian identity.

Sculptural Transition: Archaic to Severe Style

• Introduction of the Critios Boy and Kritios Boy, marking the end of the archaic period and the beginning of severe style in sculpture, showcasing shifts in expression and posture.

  • Shift in clothing, movement, and facial expression, reflecting a transition back to more relatable human forms.

Impact of the Persian Invasion

• The Persian campaign against Greece, including the Battle of Marathon and subsequent Athenian victories that led to a resurgence of confidence in the local democracy.

• Commemorative building projects stemming from these victories reflect arts and architecture flourishing in the classical period.

Conclusion and Future Directions

• Acknowledge how historical events, including the Persian Wars, greatly shaped Athenian art and politics.

• Preparation for next topics relating to Classical art and the implications of stylistic transitions during this era.