Custom = The frequent repetition of an act to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act

Ecumene

Folk/Local/Indigenous culture = Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogenous group, living in relative isolation from other groups 

Habit = A repetitive act performed by a particular individual 

Popular/Global culture = Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics 

Taboo = A restriction on behavior imposed by a social custom 

creole language(s) = A language that results from the mixing of  colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated

Dialect = A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation 

Isogloss = A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate

Isolated language = A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family 

Language = A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning 

language family = A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestry long before recorded history

Lingua franca = A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages 

Logogram = A symbol that represents a word, rather than a sound

Official language = The  language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents 

Pidgin language = A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of 2 different languages

Agnosticism = Belief that nothing can be known about whether god exists

animism= Belief that objects, such as plants, stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life

Atheism = Belief that God doesn't exist 

branch (of religion) = A large and fundamental division within a religion 

Denomination = A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations into a single legal and administrative 

ethnic religion = A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated

Fundamentalism = Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion

ghettos = During middle ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by jews, now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live due to social, legal, or economic pressure

Missionary = An individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion 

Monotheism = The doctrine of or belief in the existence of only one god

Pilgrimage = A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes

Polytheism = Belief in or worship of more than one god

Sect = A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination 

Syncretic = A religion that combines several traditions 

universalizing religion = A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location 

Apartheid = Laws in south Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas

Balkanization = A process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities 

Blockbusting = The process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that people of color will soon move into the neighborhood

Ethnic cleansing = A process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region 

Ethnicity = Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions 

Genocide = The mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence

Nationalism = Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality 

Nationality = Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there

Race = Identity with a group of people descended from a biological ancestor

Racism = Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

white flight