Building Computer Networks

Building Computer Networks | Intro to

WWW

Makes sharing data with other PCs possible.

Peer to Peer Network

Setting Up a P2P Network:

1) NIC or LAN adapter w/ same manufacturer

& model.

2) Crossover cabling w/ Cat5, Cat5e, or Cat6.

3) Ensure both machines detect each other

through System Info.

Unique 32-bit binary number

identifier for a node or host

connection on an IP which uses dotted

decimal notation represented with 4

decimal values.

IP Address

Setting Up an IP Address:

1) Go to Control Panel and click

“Network and Internet Connections“

2) Once inside Local Area Connection

dialog, click Local Area Connection

Icon → Properties.

3) Double click Internet Protocol Ver. 4

(TCP/IPv4).

4) Click “Use the following IP Address“

and input:

IP Address: 192.168.10.10

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

ICMP Network layer protocol used by

network devices to diagnose network

communication issues such as

IPCONFIG

PING

CMD

determining whether data reached its

destination on time.

Sends control messages such as

“destination network unreachable”,

“source route failed”, and “source

quench”.

Uses a data packet structure with an 8-

byte header and variable-size data

section.

“IP Configuration“, a basic Windows

network command-line utility used to

display the TCP/IP network

configuration of a computer.

Displays all current TCP/IP network

configuration values and refreshes

Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name

System (DNS) settings.

Computer network administration

utility used to test whether a

particular host is reachable across

an IP Network by measuring the

round-trip time for packets.

Reply From:

- computer established connection.

Request Timed Out:

- computer failed to connect.

Default command-line interpreter

for Microsoft Windows OS whose

name refers to its executable filename.

DOS Prompt

Request Timed Out

Destination Host Unreachable

General Failure Switch

Wireless Local Area Network

IP Addressing Indicates that MS-DOS is ready to receive a

command, whose default prompt is the current

drive letter followed by a greater-than sign (e.g.

C:\>).

Means that ICMP packet reached the host but

the reply did not reach the requesting host,

which may suggest packet loss or physical

issues.

Means there is no proper route between the

two hosts, an error which can be caused by

erroneously connected cables or an overly

aggressive firewall.

Command prompt does not provide

additional information for cause of error.

Connects multiple computers together

to the network, allowing

communication between connected

devices.

An ethernet switch is commonly used

when expanding or building a

computer network.

Uses straight-through cabling.

Network restricted to a small area,

composed of 2 main components:

1) Wireless Enable Devices:

- integrated / add-in cards for

desktop and notebook PCs.

2) Wireless Access Points:

- picks up signals between 150 feet or

more.

Facilitates the primary function of the

IP by delivering of datagram across

IP Address Functions

Public vs Private IP

Class

Network ID

Network Part an internetwork, making it possible

for computers to find each other

online and exchange information.

Network Interface Identification

- acts as the address for an IP to route

itself to the correct destination.

Routing

- when the source and destination are

not on the same network, datagram

are sent indirectly using

intermediate systems.

Public IP:

- an IP address designated for a public domain

(i.e. the Internet).

Private IP:

- used in a private network not routable

through the Internet, which provides security

and saves space for IP.

Determines which part belongs to the

network address and host address with 5

existing classes.

Class D addresses are reserved for

multicasting

Class E addresses are reserved for

future use (they should not be used

for host addresses).

Determines the Network (N) and the Host

(H) of the address.

Specifies the unique number that is assigned

to your network and identifies the class of the

Host Part

Subnet Mask

Gateway Address

network.

Part of the IPv4 address that you assign to

each host which uniquely identifies the

machine on your network.

Note: You should always be able to ping

127.0.0.1, which points to yourself.

Number that defines / limits a range of IP

addresses available within a network.

Router interface connected to the local network

that sends packets out of the local network

with a physical and logical address