📚 BPH 1020 FINAL STUDY GUIDE (CORE THEORIES + STEPS)

🔑 1. PROTECTION MOTIVATION THEORY (PMT)

Concept: Fear motivates behavior change

🧠 Two Constructs (VERY IMPORTANT)

1. Threat Appraisal

• Vulnerability (risk)

• Severity (seriousness)

• – Rewards of unhealthy behavior

👉 “How bad is it + what do I gain from not changing?”

2. Coping Appraisal

• Response efficacy (does it work?)

• Self-efficacy (can I do it?)

• – Response cost (time, money, effort)

👉 “Can I do it + is it worth it?”

💡 Exam Tip:
If you see FEAR + risk + severity → PMT
If you see “cost” or “rewards of bad behavior” → PMT

🔺 2. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY (SCT)

Concept: Behavior + Person + Environment all interact (Reciprocal Determinism)

👉 Change ONE → changes ALL

🧠 8 Constructs (use acronym “SLOW BEERS”)

• Self-efficacy

• Locus of control

• Observational learning

• W (Self-regulation)

• Behavioral capability

• Expectations

• Expectancies

• Reinforcement

💡 Key Ideas

• Learn by watching others (modeling)

• Rewards increase behavior

• Must KNOW how to do behavior first

💡 Exam Tip:
If you see:

• modeling

• learning from others

• triangle (person, behavior, environment)

➡ SCT

🌍 3. SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL MODEL (SEM)

Concept: Multiple levels influence behavior

🧱 5 Levels

1. Intrapersonal (knowledge, beliefs)

2. Interpersonal (friends, family)

3. Institutional (schools, workplaces)

4. Community (neighborhood, culture)

5. Societal (laws, policies)

💡 Key Idea:
Behavior is NOT just personal—it’s influenced by environment

💡 Exam Tip:

• School rules → Institutional

• City norms → Community

• Laws → Societal

💡 4. DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION (DOI)

Concept: Behaviors spread over time

🧠 4 Main Constructs

• Innovation

• Communication channels

• Time

• Social system

⭐ 5 Characteristics of Innovation (VERY TESTED)

• Relative advantage (better?)

• Compatibility (fits lifestyle?)

• Trialability (can try it?)

• Complexity (easy to use?)

• Observability (see results?)

⏳ Innovation Decision Process

1. Knowledge

2. Persuasion

3. Decision

4. Implementation

5. Confirmation

📊 Adoption Groups

• Innovators

• Early adopters

• Early majority

• Late majority

• Laggards

💡 Exam Tip:
If question mentions:

• “spreading”

• “adoption over time”
  ➡ DOI

🤝 5. SOCIAL CAPITAL THEORY

Concept: Behavior depends on who we know & relationships

🧠 Constructs

• Networks (who you know)

• Relationships (how you know them)

🔗 Types of Relationships

• Bonding (strongest → family)

• Bridging (moderate → peers/groups)

• Linking (weakest → authority)

❤ Key Factors

• Trust

• Reciprocity

💡 Exam Tip:

• Family → Bonding

• Group project → Bridging

• Doctor/professor → Linking

📝 6. 5 STEPS TO CHOOSING A THEORY (VERY IMPORTANT)

(MEMORIZE IN ORDER)

✅ Steps:

1. Identify problem + population

2. Gather information

3. Identify causes

4. Identify level (SEM levels)

5. Choose best theory

💡 How to Narrow Theory

Ask:

• Has it worked before?

• Is there research support?

• Does it fit the situation?

🚨 MOST IMPORTANT EXAM PATTERNS

🔥 If question mentions:

• Fear → PMT

• Learning from others → SCT

• Levels (policy, school, etc.) → SEM

• Spread over time → DOI

• Relationships/network → Social Capital

⚡ FINAL STUDY STRATEGY (WHAT YOUR PROF SAID)

Do THIS:

• Write each theory

• Write:

  • concept

  • constructs

  • variables (if any)

Then:

• Practice identifying theory from scenarios

🧠 QUICK MEMORY SHEET