Knowledge Organiser - Cycle Test 3 - EndOfTopic1 (1)

Term 2 - Year 10 3rd Physics Cycle Test Knowledge Organiser Consolidation Checklist

Introduction

• Use the checklist to evaluate understanding of physics concepts by labeling your knowledge for each topic (J = fully understand, K = partly understand, L = do not understand).

TOPIC 1 - FORCES AND MOTION

Subtopic: SUVAT

• Learning Objective: Understand and apply the SUVAT equations.

• Equation:

  • (final speed)² = (initial speed)² + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

  • Formula: v² = u² + 2as

• Key Note: Remember how to calculate acceleration:

  • Acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity) / time taken

Subtopic: F = ma and Terminal Velocity

• Learning Objectives:

  • Understand that friction opposes motion.

  • Use the equation of motion: force = mass × acceleration (F = m × a).

• Key Notes:

  • Describe forces acting on falling objects.

  • Explain why falling objects reach terminal velocity.

Subtopic: Stopping Distance

• Learning Objectives:

  • Understand that stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance.

  • Identify factors affecting stopping distance: speed, mass, road conditions, reaction time.

Subtopic: Momentum

• Learning Objectives:

  • Use the momentum equation: momentum = mass × velocity (p = mv).

  • Apply momentum to explain safety features in vehicles and calculate changes in momentum.

  • Understand the relationship between force, change in momentum, and time taken:

  • F = (change in momentum) / (time taken).

TOPIC 2 - ELECTRICITY

Subtopic: Mains Electricity

• Learning Objectives:

  • Know units for: ampere (A), coulomb (C), joule (J), ohm (Ω), second (s), volt (V), watt (W).

  • Understand safety measures in electrical devices: insulation, double insulation, earthing, fuses, circuit breakers.

  • Key Note: Voltage is energy transferred per unit charge: 1 volt = 1 joule/coulomb.

Subtopic: Resistance

• Learning Objectives:

  • Understand the effect of resistance on current flow in a circuit.

  • Use the relationship: voltage = current × resistance (V = I × R).

Subtopic: Calculating Power

• Learning Objectives:

  • Use the relationship: power = current × voltage (P = I × V).

Key Concepts in Forces and Motion

Forces and Acceleration

• An object does not change velocity without an unbalanced force.

• Acceleration is proportional to the resultant force and inversely proportional to mass:

  • F = ma

• Resultant force direction determines velocity change (accelerate or decelerate).

Terminal Velocity

• Terminal velocity occurs when air resistance balances the weight of a falling object.

• Dynamics of falling object with changing air resistance based on speed.

Stopping Distance Explained

Components of Stopping Distance

• Stops upon emergency: related to driver reaction and vehicle braking processes.

• Thinking Distance: Time to react; affected by speed and driver condition (reaction time average = 0.25s).

• Braking Distance: Distance under braking force; increases with speed.

Factors Affecting Stopping Distance

1. Vehicle Speed: Higher speeds increase braking distance.

2. Vehicle Mass: Heavier vehicles require longer distances to stop.

3. Road Conditions: Wet/icy roads reduce braking effectiveness.

4. Driver Reaction: Distracted or impaired drivers have increased thinking distances.

Momentum

Understanding Momentum

• Momentum: property of moving objects defined as p = mv.

• Depends on mass and velocity, vector dependent on direction.

• Can change due to velocity, direction, or mass changes.

Conservation of Momentum

• Total momentum before an interaction equals total momentum after, barring external forces.

• Applies to collisions and explosions; momentum changes depend on interactions.

Worked Examples

• Examples calculating momentum before and after collisions.

• Conservation of momentum in physical systems (e.g., vehicle collisions).