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Knowledge Organiser - Cycle Test 3 - EndOfTopic1 (1)

Term 2 - Year 10 3rd Physics Cycle Test Knowledge Organiser Consolidation Checklist

Introduction

  • Use the checklist to evaluate understanding of physics concepts by labeling your knowledge for each topic (J = fully understand, K = partly understand, L = do not understand).

TOPIC 1 - FORCES AND MOTION

Subtopic: SUVAT

  • Learning Objective: Understand and apply the SUVAT equations.

  • Equation:

    • (final speed)² = (initial speed)² + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

    • Formula: v² = u² + 2as

  • Key Note: Remember how to calculate acceleration:

    • Acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity) / time taken

Subtopic: F = ma and Terminal Velocity

  • Learning Objectives:

    • Understand that friction opposes motion.

    • Use the equation of motion: force = mass × acceleration (F = m × a).

  • Key Notes:

    • Describe forces acting on falling objects.

    • Explain why falling objects reach terminal velocity.

Subtopic: Stopping Distance

  • Learning Objectives:

    • Understand that stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance.

    • Identify factors affecting stopping distance: speed, mass, road conditions, reaction time.

Subtopic: Momentum

  • Learning Objectives:

    • Use the momentum equation: momentum = mass × velocity (p = mv).

    • Apply momentum to explain safety features in vehicles and calculate changes in momentum.

    • Understand the relationship between force, change in momentum, and time taken:

    • F = (change in momentum) / (time taken).

TOPIC 2 - ELECTRICITY

Subtopic: Mains Electricity

  • Learning Objectives:

    • Know units for: ampere (A), coulomb (C), joule (J), ohm (Ω), second (s), volt (V), watt (W).

    • Understand safety measures in electrical devices: insulation, double insulation, earthing, fuses, circuit breakers.

    • Key Note: Voltage is energy transferred per unit charge: 1 volt = 1 joule/coulomb.

Subtopic: Resistance

  • Learning Objectives:

    • Understand the effect of resistance on current flow in a circuit.

    • Use the relationship: voltage = current × resistance (V = I × R).

Subtopic: Calculating Power

  • Learning Objectives:

    • Use the relationship: power = current × voltage (P = I × V).

Key Concepts in Forces and Motion

Forces and Acceleration

  • An object does not change velocity without an unbalanced force.

  • Acceleration is proportional to the resultant force and inversely proportional to mass:

    • F = ma

  • Resultant force direction determines velocity change (accelerate or decelerate).

Terminal Velocity

  • Terminal velocity occurs when air resistance balances the weight of a falling object.

  • Dynamics of falling object with changing air resistance based on speed.

Stopping Distance Explained

Components of Stopping Distance

  • Stops upon emergency: related to driver reaction and vehicle braking processes.

  • Thinking Distance: Time to react; affected by speed and driver condition (reaction time average = 0.25s).

  • Braking Distance: Distance under braking force; increases with speed.

Factors Affecting Stopping Distance

  1. Vehicle Speed: Higher speeds increase braking distance.

  2. Vehicle Mass: Heavier vehicles require longer distances to stop.

  3. Road Conditions: Wet/icy roads reduce braking effectiveness.

  4. Driver Reaction: Distracted or impaired drivers have increased thinking distances.

Momentum

Understanding Momentum

  • Momentum: property of moving objects defined as p = mv.

  • Depends on mass and velocity, vector dependent on direction.

  • Can change due to velocity, direction, or mass changes.

Conservation of Momentum

  • Total momentum before an interaction equals total momentum after, barring external forces.

  • Applies to collisions and explosions; momentum changes depend on interactions.

Worked Examples

  • Examples calculating momentum before and after collisions.

  • Conservation of momentum in physical systems (e.g., vehicle collisions).