Nation: a group of people with a common and shared sense of belonging.

Nation-state: a country

Nationalism: to strive for a nation

Perspective: point of view

Spirituality: a connection with the land.

Religious beliefs: not nationalistic, beliefs entrenched in religion, e.g. Catholicism, Buddhism

Patriotism: pride that one derives from their country or nation

• Expressions of nationalism: ways in which people express their pride in their country

Absolutism: a phase in European history in which the power of a monarch was absolute, unchecked and unrequited by bodies such as the Church.

Bourgeoisie: members of the Third Estate, effectively the French upper class. Wealthy, had access to Enlightenist literature, just lacked the power that the nobility and clergy held.

Coup d’etat: violent overthrow of a government

Monarchy: kings/queens, system of government in which a ruler had sovereign control over a country.

Democracy: a system in which the people held the power

Philosophies: ideas that were often propagated in the Enlightenment. Based on general and fundamental questions. Throughout the Enlightenment, philosophies about control and governance were prevalent, fuelling the French Revolution.

Divine Right of Kings: the idea that the ruler was chosen by God and had a divine right to rule.

Napoleonic Code: a rewrite and reorganization of the French judicial system, establishing the belief that people were equal under law. Restored slavery and reduced womens rights. Removed regional differences between laws.

Collective consciousness: a sense of morality shared between a group of people. For instance, the French all had grievances about a king having ultimate authority over them. Links into civic nations.

Quebecois: the people who live in Quebec, often Francophones and highly nationalistic in the idea of Quebec as a sovereign society.

Separatism: the belief propagated in Quebec that Quebec should separate from the rest of Canada. Links to 1995 and 1980 referendums.

Sovereignty: control over one’s own affairs

The War Measures Act: a law implemented during times of war, outlining measures taken during war, such as manufacturing and political changes.

Conscription: the forced recruitment of soldiers into a country’s military.

Referendum: a legally binding vote, such as that of 1995 on the issue of Quebec separating from Canada.

Environmentalism: the idea that the environment must be protected, e.g. Greenpeace. May act against national interests, such as energy.

Humanitarianism: the belief that all our efforts should be based around the betterment of people’s lives around the world. promoting human welfare.

Francophone: a French speaking person within Canada. Has developed their own nation and identity within Canada

Anglophone: an English speaker. Homogeneous within the rest of Canada.

Loyalty: a commitment to something, to stay true to an idea/nation.

The Charter of Rights and Freedoms: entrenched in the constitution, establishes what rights and freedoms Canadians have, such as freedom of religion, speech, etc.

Oka Crisis: 1990 → Mohawks set up a road blockade to protest golf course development on Mohawk burial lands. 1 member of the Quebec Provincial Police killed. Broken in September 1990 by the Canadian Army.

Contending Loyalties: loyalties that conflict or work against oneanother, e.g. Canadians and Quebec sovereigntists.