Primary Economic Activities
Economic activities are what people do to earn a living
There are three groups of economic activities:
Primary economic activities
Jobs which involve working directly with the Earth’s rocks, soils and waters
Example: Farmers, Fisher, Forestry worker and Miner
Secondary economic activities
Jobs which involve making or manufacturing something
Example: Carpenter, Factory worker, Baker and Builder
Tertiary economic activities
Jobs which involve a service that is useful to people
Example: Teacher, Garda, Solicitor and Shopkeeper
Natural resources are in things in the natural world which are useful to people
There are two types of natural resources:
Can be used over and over again
If looked after in a sustainable way they will never run out
Also called infinite sources
Example: Water
Can only be used once</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Will eventually runout</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Also called finite sources
Example: Oil
The use of natural resources is called exploitation. If they are over-exploited they might not be available in the future. Over-exploitation is unsustainable.
Potable water: water that is safe for people and animals to drink
Water is continuously recycled making it a renewable resource. This recycling is called the water cycle. There are 4 main stages:
Evaporation
Occurs when the sun heats up water in lakes, rivers and seas and turns it into watervapour</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Condensation
The vapour rises into the air. As the air rises it cools and condenses to form clouds. The wind blows the clouds toward land.
Precipitation
This occurs when so much water has condensed that the air can’t hold it anymore. The clouds get heavy and the water falls back onto the Earth in the form of rain, hail, dew, sleet or snow</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Run-off
This water may go back into the seas, lakes or rivers or it may end up on land. When it falls on the land it will either soak into the soil or become part of the groundwater that plants and animals drink or it may run off into the seas, lakes or rivers so the cycle starts again
Irish Water is responsible for the public water supply in Ireland.
Water is a very important natural resource, so its very important to exploit it sustainably so there’s enough for the future generations
Local water supply example: LimerickCity</p><h2><spanclass="heading−content">Water and the sustainable development goals
In 2015 world leaders agreed to work together to make sure that people around the world can live better without damaging the planet. Countries will work together to achieve the Global Goals for Sustainable Development between 2015 and 2030
Some parts of the world experience shortages of rainfall and drought. They use irrigation, the artificial water of the land.
Example: CentralValley,California</p><h1><spanclass="heading−content">FishinginIreland</span></h1><h2><spanclass="heading−content">HistoryoffishinginIreland</span></h2><p>Ireland’swatershavegreatconditionsforfishingasIrelandislocatednexttothe<markdata−color="yellow">continentalshelf</mark>whichmeansthereare<markdata−color="yellow">shallow</mark>watersaswellasthefactthatthereisalotof<markdata−color="yellow">plankton</mark>,<markdata−color="yellow">smallfish</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">microorganisms</mark>that<markdata−color="yellow">fish</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">whales</mark>feedon.</p><p>Irelandhasmany<markdata−color="yellow">fishingports</mark>.Fishingisaveryimportantsourceof<markdata−color="yellow">income</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">employment</mark>formanyvillagesandtowns.</p><h2><spanclass="heading−content">Over−fishing</span></h2><p>Fisharea<markdata−color="yellow">naturalresource</mark>.Whenfishareoverexploitedit’scalled<markdata−color="yellow">over−fishing</mark>,fisharetakenfromwaters<markdata−color="yellow">faster</mark>thantheycan<markdata−color="yellow">reproduce</mark>.</p><h3><spanclass="heading−content">Reasonsforover</span></h3><ul><liclass="drag"><p>Membership of the EU
WhenIrelandjoinedtheEUtheygaveup<markdata−color="yellow">control</mark>overtheirwaters.<markdata−color="yellow">Foreigntrawler</mark>couldnowfishin<markdata−color="yellow">Irishwater</mark>.Thisledtomorefishbeingcaught.</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Modern technology
Improvementintechnologysuchas<markdata−color="yellow">sonars</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">radars</mark>meansmorefishcanbe<markdata−color="yellow">caught</mark><markdata−color="yellow">quicker</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">easier</mark>.</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Increase</mark>of<markdata−color="yellow">trawlersize</mark>meanstheycanhold<markdata−color="yellow">morefish</mark>andstayoutatsealonger
<markdata−color="yellow">Factoryships</mark>can<markdata−color="yellow">process</mark>fishmeaningtheycanstayoutatseareallyreallylong</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Mesh sizes
<markdata−color="yellow">Smallmeshsizes</mark>ledto<markdata−color="yellow">small</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">underdeveloped</mark>fishbeingcaught.Whichmeansfishwerenotwerenotableto<markdata−color="yellow">replace</mark>theirstocks</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Seasons
Astherewasnoclosedseasonforfishing,fishcouldbecaughtallyearround,sofishhadnotimetoreplacetheirstocks</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Quotas
Lackofquotasmeantthattherewas<markdata−color="yellow">nolimit</mark>totheamountoffishthatcouldbecaught</p></li></ul></li></ul><h2><spanclass="heading−content">Sustainableexploitationoffish</span></h2><p>Manytypesoffishareendangeredbecauseofover−fishing,suchas:</p><ul><liclass="drag"><p>Cod
Herring
Haddock
Sothe<markdata−color="yellow">Government</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">EU</mark>puta<markdata−color="yellow">limit</mark>totheamountoffishthatcouldbecaught.Morestepswereputinplaceto,suchas:</p><ul><liclass="drag"><p>Conservation zones
In2003a<markdata−color="yellow">conservationbox</mark>wascreatedoutsideIrelandsouth−westcoast.Fishinginthisareais<markdata−color="yellow">restricted</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">strictquotas</mark>havebeenputinplacetohelpfishstocks<markdata−color="yellow">recover</mark>.It’sabout<markdata−color="yellow">100,000km2</mark>.</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Introductionofyearly</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Shortening</mark>offishingseasons
<markdata−color="yellow">Ban</mark>oncatchingendangered species
<markdata−color="yellow">Increase</mark>inmesh size
Farmsrunonasasystemof<markdata−color="yellow">inputs</mark>,<markdata−color="yellow">processes</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">outputs</mark>:</p><ul><liclass="drag"><p>Inputs
Thingsthatneedtobeputintoafarm</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="red">Examples</mark>:Machinery,animalsandmoney</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Processes
Tasksdonebythefarmerontheirfarm</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="red">Examples</mark>:Milking,ploughingandcuttingsilage</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Outputs
Productsthatthefarmersell</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="red">Examples</mark>:Milk,vegetablesandlivestock</p></li></ul></li></ul><h2><spanclass="heading−content">Typesoffarms</span></h2><ul><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Dairy</mark>:Cowsforbutter,milk,cheese,ect.</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Arable/tillage</mark>:Maize,wheat,barley,ect.</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Horticulture</mark>:Vegetables,flowers,flowers,fruits,salad</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Pastoral</mark>:grazingsheeporcattle</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Livestock</mark>:cattle,sheep,pigs,horse</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Mixed</mark>:livestock,crops,vegetables</p></li></ul><h2><spanclass="heading−content">Impactontheenvironment</span></h2><p>Farmingis<markdata−color="yellow">essential</mark>butcanresultin<markdata−color="yellow">damage</mark>totheenvironment
<markdata−color="yellow">Insect</mark>sprayscanendupinfoodandkilloftoomanyinsects</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Fertilisers</mark>canrun−offintostreamsandrivers</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>The<markdata−color="yellow">illegaldumping</mark>ofsilage,slurryandmilkcanpolluteriversandkillfish</p></li></ul><h2><spanclass="heading−content">Sustainableagriculture</span></h2><p>IrelandisamemberoftheEu’sCommonAgriculturePolicy(CAP).ThemainaimsoftheCAPare:</p><ol><liclass="drag"><p>Provideincometofarmers</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>EnsureguaranteedmarketpricesintheEU</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Provideruraldevelopmentprogrammes</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>SupplytheEuropewithquality</p></li></ol><p>In2013theCAPdecidedtofocuson‘Greening’.Farmersarerewardedforbeingmoresustainable.</p><ol><liclass="drag"><p>Diversifyingcrops</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Farmersmustkeeppermanentgrassland</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Farmersmustprotectwatersourcesonland</p></li></ol><h1><spanclass="heading−content">Forestry</span></h1><p>Theforestryindustryemploys12,000people.Woodisanimportantnaturalresource.</p><h2><spanclass="heading−content">TypesofIrishforest</span></h2><h3><spanclass="heading−content">Deciduous</span></h3><p>Consistsoftreesthatlosetheirleavesinwinter:</p><ul><liclass="drag"><p>Beech</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Birch</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Oak</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Ash</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Ect.</p></li></ul><h3><spanclass="heading−content">Coniferous</span></h3><p>Consistsofevergreentrees:</p><ul><liclass="drag"><p>Spruce</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Pine</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Ect.</p></li></ul><h2><spanclass="heading−content">Irelandforest</span></h2><p>IrelandhasthelowestforestcoverofallEuropeancountries:</p><ul><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">10.7absorb Co²
Green house gas => global warming
Treesrelease O²
$$More trees less Co²
Some places in Ireland are unsuitable for agriculture, so they are used for forestry
Coillte is a semi-state body and offers grants for farmers to plant more trees
Economic activities are what people do to earn a living
There are three groups of economic activities:
Primary economic activities
Jobs which involve working directly with the Earth’s rocks, soils and waters
Example: Farmers, Fisher, Forestry worker and Miner
Secondary economic activities
Jobs which involve making or manufacturing something
Example: Carpenter, Factory worker, Baker and Builder
Tertiary economic activities
Jobs which involve a service that is useful to people
Example: Teacher, Garda, Solicitor and Shopkeeper
Natural resources are in things in the natural world which are useful to people
There are two types of natural resources:
Can be used over and over again
If looked after in a sustainable way they will never run out
Also called infinite sources
Example: Water
Can only be used once</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Will eventually runout</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Also called finite sources
Example: Oil
The use of natural resources is called exploitation. If they are over-exploited they might not be available in the future. Over-exploitation is unsustainable.
Potable water: water that is safe for people and animals to drink
Water is continuously recycled making it a renewable resource. This recycling is called the water cycle. There are 4 main stages:
Evaporation
Occurs when the sun heats up water in lakes, rivers and seas and turns it into watervapour</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Condensation
The vapour rises into the air. As the air rises it cools and condenses to form clouds. The wind blows the clouds toward land.
Precipitation
This occurs when so much water has condensed that the air can’t hold it anymore. The clouds get heavy and the water falls back onto the Earth in the form of rain, hail, dew, sleet or snow</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Run-off
This water may go back into the seas, lakes or rivers or it may end up on land. When it falls on the land it will either soak into the soil or become part of the groundwater that plants and animals drink or it may run off into the seas, lakes or rivers so the cycle starts again
Irish Water is responsible for the public water supply in Ireland.
Water is a very important natural resource, so its very important to exploit it sustainably so there’s enough for the future generations
Local water supply example: LimerickCity</p><h2><spanclass="heading−content">Water and the sustainable development goals
In 2015 world leaders agreed to work together to make sure that people around the world can live better without damaging the planet. Countries will work together to achieve the Global Goals for Sustainable Development between 2015 and 2030
Some parts of the world experience shortages of rainfall and drought. They use irrigation, the artificial water of the land.
Example: CentralValley,California</p><h1><spanclass="heading−content">FishinginIreland</span></h1><h2><spanclass="heading−content">HistoryoffishinginIreland</span></h2><p>Ireland’swatershavegreatconditionsforfishingasIrelandislocatednexttothe<markdata−color="yellow">continentalshelf</mark>whichmeansthereare<markdata−color="yellow">shallow</mark>watersaswellasthefactthatthereisalotof<markdata−color="yellow">plankton</mark>,<markdata−color="yellow">smallfish</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">microorganisms</mark>that<markdata−color="yellow">fish</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">whales</mark>feedon.</p><p>Irelandhasmany<markdata−color="yellow">fishingports</mark>.Fishingisaveryimportantsourceof<markdata−color="yellow">income</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">employment</mark>formanyvillagesandtowns.</p><h2><spanclass="heading−content">Over−fishing</span></h2><p>Fisharea<markdata−color="yellow">naturalresource</mark>.Whenfishareoverexploitedit’scalled<markdata−color="yellow">over−fishing</mark>,fisharetakenfromwaters<markdata−color="yellow">faster</mark>thantheycan<markdata−color="yellow">reproduce</mark>.</p><h3><spanclass="heading−content">Reasonsforover</span></h3><ul><liclass="drag"><p>Membership of the EU
WhenIrelandjoinedtheEUtheygaveup<markdata−color="yellow">control</mark>overtheirwaters.<markdata−color="yellow">Foreigntrawler</mark>couldnowfishin<markdata−color="yellow">Irishwater</mark>.Thisledtomorefishbeingcaught.</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Modern technology
Improvementintechnologysuchas<markdata−color="yellow">sonars</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">radars</mark>meansmorefishcanbe<markdata−color="yellow">caught</mark><markdata−color="yellow">quicker</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">easier</mark>.</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Increase</mark>of<markdata−color="yellow">trawlersize</mark>meanstheycanhold<markdata−color="yellow">morefish</mark>andstayoutatsealonger
<markdata−color="yellow">Factoryships</mark>can<markdata−color="yellow">process</mark>fishmeaningtheycanstayoutatseareallyreallylong</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Mesh sizes
<markdata−color="yellow">Smallmeshsizes</mark>ledto<markdata−color="yellow">small</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">underdeveloped</mark>fishbeingcaught.Whichmeansfishwerenotwerenotableto<markdata−color="yellow">replace</mark>theirstocks</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Seasons
Astherewasnoclosedseasonforfishing,fishcouldbecaughtallyearround,sofishhadnotimetoreplacetheirstocks</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Quotas
Lackofquotasmeantthattherewas<markdata−color="yellow">nolimit</mark>totheamountoffishthatcouldbecaught</p></li></ul></li></ul><h2><spanclass="heading−content">Sustainableexploitationoffish</span></h2><p>Manytypesoffishareendangeredbecauseofover−fishing,suchas:</p><ul><liclass="drag"><p>Cod
Herring
Haddock
Sothe<markdata−color="yellow">Government</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">EU</mark>puta<markdata−color="yellow">limit</mark>totheamountoffishthatcouldbecaught.Morestepswereputinplaceto,suchas:</p><ul><liclass="drag"><p>Conservation zones
In2003a<markdata−color="yellow">conservationbox</mark>wascreatedoutsideIrelandsouth−westcoast.Fishinginthisareais<markdata−color="yellow">restricted</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">strictquotas</mark>havebeenputinplacetohelpfishstocks<markdata−color="yellow">recover</mark>.It’sabout<markdata−color="yellow">100,000km2</mark>.</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Introductionofyearly</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Shortening</mark>offishingseasons
<markdata−color="yellow">Ban</mark>oncatchingendangered species
<markdata−color="yellow">Increase</mark>inmesh size
Farmsrunonasasystemof<markdata−color="yellow">inputs</mark>,<markdata−color="yellow">processes</mark>and<markdata−color="yellow">outputs</mark>:</p><ul><liclass="drag"><p>Inputs
Thingsthatneedtobeputintoafarm</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="red">Examples</mark>:Machinery,animalsandmoney</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Processes
Tasksdonebythefarmerontheirfarm</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="red">Examples</mark>:Milking,ploughingandcuttingsilage</p></li></ul></li><liclass="drag"><p>Outputs
Productsthatthefarmersell</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="red">Examples</mark>:Milk,vegetablesandlivestock</p></li></ul></li></ul><h2><spanclass="heading−content">Typesoffarms</span></h2><ul><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Dairy</mark>:Cowsforbutter,milk,cheese,ect.</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Arable/tillage</mark>:Maize,wheat,barley,ect.</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Horticulture</mark>:Vegetables,flowers,flowers,fruits,salad</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Pastoral</mark>:grazingsheeporcattle</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Livestock</mark>:cattle,sheep,pigs,horse</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Mixed</mark>:livestock,crops,vegetables</p></li></ul><h2><spanclass="heading−content">Impactontheenvironment</span></h2><p>Farmingis<markdata−color="yellow">essential</mark>butcanresultin<markdata−color="yellow">damage</mark>totheenvironment
<markdata−color="yellow">Insect</mark>sprayscanendupinfoodandkilloftoomanyinsects</p></li><liclass="drag"><p><markdata−color="yellow">Fertilisers</mark>canrun−offintostreamsandrivers</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>The<markdata−color="yellow">illegaldumping</mark>ofsilage,slurryandmilkcanpolluteriversandkillfish</p></li></ul><h2><spanclass="heading−content">Sustainableagriculture</span></h2><p>IrelandisamemberoftheEu’sCommonAgriculturePolicy(CAP).ThemainaimsoftheCAPare:</p><ol><liclass="drag"><p>Provideincometofarmers</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>EnsureguaranteedmarketpricesintheEU</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Provideruraldevelopmentprogrammes</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>SupplytheEuropewithquality</p></li></ol><p>In2013theCAPdecidedtofocuson‘Greening’.Farmersarerewardedforbeingmoresustainable.</p><ol><liclass="drag"><p>Diversifyingcrops</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Farmersmustkeeppermanentgrassland</p></li><liclass="drag"><p>Farmersmustprotectwatersourcesonland</p></li><
