Kms
Flashcard 1
Q: What does VSEPR theory state?
A: Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory states that electron pairs around a central atom arrange themselves to minimize repulsion.
Flashcard 2
Q: What is the bond angle of a linear molecular shape?
A: 180° (Example: CO₂)
Flashcard 3
Q: What is the bond angle of a trigonal planar molecular shape?
A: 120° (Example: BF₃)
Flashcard 4
Q: What is the bond angle of a tetrahedral molecular shape?
A: 109.5° (Example: CH₄)
Flashcard 5
Q: What is the bond angle of a trigonal pyramidal molecular shape?
A: ~107° (Example: NH₃)
Flashcard 6
Q: What is the bond angle of a bent molecular shape?
A: ~104.5° (Example: H₂O)
Flashcard 7
Q: What electronegativity difference defines a nonpolar covalent bond?
A: 0.0 - 0.4
Flashcard 8
Q: What electronegativity difference defines a polar covalent bond?
A: 0.5 - 1.7
Flashcard 9
Q: What electronegativity difference defines an ionic bond?
A: Greater than 1.7
Flashcard 10
Q: What type of intermolecular force exists in all molecules?
A: London Dispersion Forces (LDFs)
Flashcard 11
Q: What type of intermolecular force exists between polar molecules?
A: Dipole-Dipole Forces
Flashcard 12
Q: What type of intermolecular force occurs when hydrogen is bonded to N, O, or F?
A: Hydrogen Bonding
Flashcard 13
Q: How does stronger intermolecular forces (IMFs) affect boiling and melting points?
A: Stronger IMFs increase boiling/melting points.
Flashcard 14
Q: What are the three common types of hybridization?
A: sp (linear), sp² (trigonal planar), sp³ (tetrahedral)
Flashcard 15
Q: How many sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds are in a single bond?
A: 1 sigma (σ) bond
Flashcard 16
Q: How many sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds are in a double bond?
A: 1 sigma (σ) + 1 pi (π) bond
Flashcard 17
Q: How many sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds are in a triple bond?
A: 1 sigma (σ) + 2 pi (π) bonds
Flashcard 18
Q: What is resonance in molecules?
A: When multiple valid Lewis structures exist for a molecule (Example: SO₃, NO₃â»).
Flashcard 19
Q: What is the formula for formal charge?
A: (Valence electrons) - (Nonbonding electrons) - (Bonding electrons/2)
Flashcard 20
Q: What are the three exceptions to the octet rule?
A: Incomplete octet (BeCl₂, BF₃), expanded octet (SF₆, PCl₅), odd-electron molecules (NO₂).
Flashcard 21
Q: How does bond length relate to bond strength?
A: Shorter bonds (triple) are stronger than longer bonds (single).
Flashcard 22
Q: What is metallic bonding?
A: A “sea of electrons†that allows metals to be conductive and malleable.
Flashcard 23
Q: What is an alloy?
A: A mixture of metals (Example: Brass = Cu + Zn).