Modern World History U2

  • Liberalism

    • Political belief that the rights of the individual are permanent. 

  • Constitutionalism

    • A belief that a nation should have a constitution that everyone follows

  • Conservatism

    • the holding of political views that favor free enterprise, private ownership, and socially traditional ideas.

  • Nationalism

    • a belief that emphasizes one’s national identity and prioritizes national pride and national goals above all else

  • Romanticism- an intellectual movement that emerged at the end of the eighteenth century in reaction to the Enlightenment; it stressed feelings, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing that helped define the era

  • Socialism-

  • Feminism

    • The belief that woman should have the same rights as men

  • Radical- relating to a political group associated with views, practices, and policies of extreme change

  • Realism-a mid-nineteenth-century movement that rejected romanticism and sought to portray life as it actually was

  • Universal Male Suffrage-the right of all males to vote in election

  • Multinational Empire- an empire in which people of many nationalities live

  • Eugene Delacroix-Eugène Delacroix (Artist)- romanticism

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  • Ludwig van Beethoven-

  • Mary Shelley- creator of frankesetien (Romanitism)

  • Charles Dickens- became a huge success with novels  showed the realities of life during the lower and middle class during the industrial age


14.3 Key Items

Plebiscite- a popular vote

Emancipation

  • the act of setting free Slaves

Abolitionism

  • the movement to end slavery

Militarism- the reliance on military strength

Kaiser-German for “caesar”; the title of the emperors of the Second German Empire

Napoleon III

Alexander II

Camillo di Cavour-Count Cavour: a liberal monarchist who wanted a united Italy ruled under a constitution by the king of Piedmont-Sardinia.


Giuseppe Garibaldi: a true radical. After a failed 1834 uprising in Genoa he was sentenced to death and fled to South America where he became a famous general

WIlliam I -

Otto von Bismarck- Otto von Bismarck.

  • Bismarck was a fierce conservative. 

  • Wanted to increase the power of the Prussian state. 

  • When liberal politicians stood in his way, he simply ignored them. 

  • With the king’s backing, he expanded the military and passed new taxes (with or without parliament’s approval).

    14.5 Key Items

    • Creoles-Spanish person born in colonial Latin America

    • Peninsulares-aSpanish or a official who resided temporarily t Latin America for political and economic gain and then returned to Europe

    • François-Dominique - Toussaint-Louverture- leader of haitian revolution captured by france and set to prison

    • Mestizo-a person of mixed European and indigenous descent

    • Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla-Miguel Hidalgo- led by the priest, short revolusion, father of Mexican independence, , revolt against the spanish became a cry for economic and social justice

    • Caudillos-military or political dictator

    • Jose de San Martin-both members of the creole elite

    • Simon Bolivar- both members of the creole elite were both hailed as liberators of south america

    • Monroe Doctrine- The MD of  1823 declared that the americas were off limits for any efforts of colonization and strongly warned against any european interventions towards americas

    • Benito Juarez-A Mexican national hero, dominated this era. The son of indigenous peasants, Juárez brought liberal reforms to Mexico, including separation of church and state, land distribution to the poor, and a public education system for all of Mexico.