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Biology & Anatomy

1. Mitochondria are cell organelles that are commonly referred to as “the powerhouse of the cell”.

2. Moths are flying insects that are attracted to light and genetically related to butterflies.

3. Cancer is a disease characterized by malignant tumors composed of cells growing at abnormal rates.

4. The blue whale is an aquatic mammal that is the largest animal to have ever existed on Earth.

5. Triceratops is a dinosaur whose name means “three-horned face”. Its primary predator was Tyrannosaurus Rex.

6. Viruses multiply by infecting host cells with genetic material.

7. Photosynthesis is an anabolic process in plants that converts carbon dioxide into glucose.

Astronomy

1. Andromeda, Cancer and Orion are examples of constellations, star collections that form fixed patterns.  

2. A new moon is the lunar phase during which the moon appears invisible when viewed from Earth.

3. Neptune became the farthest planet from the Sun following Pluto’s demotion to a dwarf planet.

4. A light-year is approximately 6 trillion miles, or the distance light travels in one year.

5. Arecibo in Puerto Rico is a former example of a radio telescope, which detects electromagnetic waves from space.

6. An exoplanet is located outside of the Solar System, and thus, does not orbit our Sun.

7. The asteroid belt is located between Mars and Jupiter. It is home to Ceres, the largest asteroid, which is considered a dwarf planet.

Chemistry

1. Silver is a metal that is the most electrically conductive element, and has the chemical symbol Ag.

2. Chlorine is a yellow-green gaseous halogen that is used to chemically treat swimming pools.

3. Neon, the fifth most abundant element in the universe, is used in fluorescent lamps and signs.

4. The periodic table of the elements is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements first developed by Dmitri Mendeleev.

5. Pasteurization is a method of heat treatment that is used to destroy microorganisms on food products. It is named for the French chemist Louis Pasteur who developed it.

6. Tin is a metallic element whose main ore is Cassiterite and forms the alloy bronze along with copper.

7. pH is a metric used to measure the acidity or basicity of a substance. It is commonly said to range from 0 to 14. Values close to 0 are more acidic; values close to 14 are more basic.

8. Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline concerned with compounds containing Carbon, an element with atomic number 6. Carbon and organic compounds form the basis of all known life.

Computer Science

1. Cryptocurrency, examples of which include Ethereum and Bitcoin, is a form of digital decentralized currency.

2. HTML is the standard language used to create webpages on the World Wide Web.

3. Virtual reality is a fully artificial environment that is generally experienced through use of a headset.

Earth Science

1. The Gulf Stream is a warm water current that passes by the Florida coast and moderates Europe’s climate.

2. Ozone is a molecule formed from three oxygen atoms that absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

3. The Last Glacial Period, also known as the Last Ice Age, peaked approximately 22,000 years ago and ended about 11,700 years ago.

4. Lava is molten rock that is expelled during a volcano eruption.

5. Erosion is the geological process by which water and/or wind transports and removes soil.

Math

1. Prime numbers are natural numbers whose only factors are one and themselves. The only even prime number is 2.

2. A complex number consists of a real part and an imaginary part.

3. Pi is a transcendental number equal to approximately 3.14159. It denotes the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter.

Physics

1. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) developed the law of gravity legendarily after an apple fell on his head.

2. Magnets are objects whose namesake fields can attract or repel each other. They can be created by passing current through a wire.

3. The atomic nucleus is the dense region at the center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons.

4. Combustion is a reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, giving off heat and light.

5. X-rays are electromagnetic waves discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen used to create images of the body’s internal structure.

6. Drag is the force that resists a body’s motion through a fluid.

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