Period 3: A Revolutionary Era Reading Notes
The French and Indian War (7 Years War) had cost Britain a great amount of money and lead to them attempting to raise money from their North American colonies
Impressment and quartering, the Proclamation of 1763 and the Sugar Act in 1764 would draw protests from many colonists
However many would also support the British and those who did protest sought greater liberty
Violence would eventually occur as colonists were faced with threats of British troops
Victory would not lead to happiness for all, as the newly established Untied States owed a great deal of money to citizens and other governments
Continental soldiers would also not be paid for their service
Slaveholders and new settlers would also take advantage of the newly gained land and begin to expand and lead into conflict with Native Americans
Many problems would also remain unaddressed under a weak federal government composed by the Articles of Confederation
Some political leaders would turn to new political ideas, draft the Constitution and accept it
George Washington would take office and begin to use the powers of a greater Federal government and Alexander Hamilton would suggest Federalist policies, such as paying off war debts and promoting trade and industry
These policies would draw criticism from Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, who would form the Republican party to represent ordinary frontiersmen
Jefferson would become president with power being transferred peacfeully to a Republican controlled Congress
George Washington would be an young officer in the French and Indian war
Born to a moderately wealthy family, he would inherit a large estate
Would be appointed Lieutenant colonel in the Virginia militia
Sent to warn off the French about encroaching on British territory in the Ohio River Valley
French would capture a British outpost named Fort Duquesne, which Washington would later recapture
Governors would provide more troops before Washington surrendered to the French
British attempted to protect colonies preemptively by forming an alliance with the Iroquois Confederacy
British would invite a Iroquois delegation along with colonial representative to Albany
Benjamin Franklin would use this meeting to introduce an Albany Plan of Union to establish a council of representatives from various assemblies to handle defence, trade and territorial disputes
Such deliberation would be overseen by a president general appointed by the British
The meeting would succeed in creating ties among colonial leader but fail to esablish an alliance with the Irqoquois
British rejected Franklin’s plan believing it would undermine royal authority
Some colonies would reject it due to loosing their independence
Iroquois delegation would leave being angered by such a plan without their input
Native Americans would still hold considerable leverage in European Warfare
Delaware, Huron, Miami, and Shawnee nations would ally with the French, hoping to stop British expansion into the Ovio River valley
Iroquois would attempt to win concessions from the British
Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee would all bargain with alternate power (British in Georgia and the Caronlinas, French in Louisana, and Spaniards in Florida)
Some nations (Abenaki) would launch attacks on colonies, ships and seek to establish power in the region
General Edard Braddock would arrive to reinforce the colonies
Braddock would capture Fort Duquesne, with Washington joing as his personal aid
Militias would also be dispatched to fight along the New York and New England frontiers
British would fail due to French having extensive trade networks and powerful native allies
Guerilla tactics mixed with conventional warfare allowed the capturing of several forts and moving troops deep into British territory
Raids would also be encouraged in the New England territory, capturing hundreds of British colonial subjects
Britain would impress new policies to meet demands
Sailors were required for naval warfare int he Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
Royal Navy would force young colonial men in port cities into military service via impressment (forcing men to join)
Many colonists and cities would resist such tactics, and powerful people found it in the best interest to show disdain for such tactics and redirect anger towards British policy
Quartering also became a new policy, in which troops and officers had to be housed in private dwellings, as there were not enough public buildings and harsh winters made camping intolerable
Those who resisted quartering were threatened with violence, further uniting colonists
Prussia would hold the line in Europe while Britain fought the North American War
British troops were able to recapture many critical forts including Duqusne (renamed Fort Pitt)
French efforts would falter as Prussia seized victory in Europe and Britain gained control of Canada
War would continue to drag on
King George 3 would open peace negotiations with france
Peace of Paris would be finalized conceding some British territories
Spain would give up Florida to maintain Cuban and Phillipine colonies, while France would grant Spain everthing West of the Mississippi River
Britisan would establish its control over India, Canada, North America east of the Mississippi, and a number of Carribbean Islands
British victory would encourage 1000s of colonists to move further west into once French lands that were occupied by Native American nations, ignoring their customs and practices
Neolin, a Native American visionary and prophet, preached that contact with Europeans had corrupted them and they must return to their ancient traditions and reclaim their lands
Pontiac would heed such a message and when French retreat began, he would convene a council of Native American leaders stating they must push back the British
Pontiac and his forces would attack Detroit and Fort Pitt along with various other outposts and settlemts
French support never came for such a conflict and efforts to push the British back failed
British would issue that a buffer zone be created on the Appalachian mountains to prevent further conflict
Proclamation Line of 1763 denied the rights of colonists to settle west of the Appalachian mountains, which would frustrate colonists after a long and bloody war
Speculators like Washington would buy up such land stating that it was only meant to appease the Native Americans
Tensions between colonists between England and colonists would increase as a global empire that had been involved in many conflicts and still had to defend new colonies required a lot of money and had a lot of debt
British officials and their colonials subjects coexisted in harmony
Economic growth lead Britain to ignore much of the illegal activities
Local control over political decisions and other things, due to salutary neglect, lead to some Americans seeing
The French and Indian War (7 Years War) had cost Britain a great amount of money and lead to them attempting to raise money from their North American colonies
Impressment and quartering, the Proclamation of 1763 and the Sugar Act in 1764 would draw protests from many colonists
However many would also support the British and those who did protest sought greater liberty
Violence would eventually occur as colonists were faced with threats of British troops
Victory would not lead to happiness for all, as the newly established Untied States owed a great deal of money to citizens and other governments
Continental soldiers would also not be paid for their service
Slaveholders and new settlers would also take advantage of the newly gained land and begin to expand and lead into conflict with Native Americans
Many problems would also remain unaddressed under a weak federal government composed by the Articles of Confederation
Some political leaders would turn to new political ideas, draft the Constitution and accept it
George Washington would take office and begin to use the powers of a greater Federal government and Alexander Hamilton would suggest Federalist policies, such as paying off war debts and promoting trade and industry
These policies would draw criticism from Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, who would form the Republican party to represent ordinary frontiersmen
Jefferson would become president with power being transferred peacfeully to a Republican controlled Congress
George Washington would be an young officer in the French and Indian war
Born to a moderately wealthy family, he would inherit a large estate
Would be appointed Lieutenant colonel in the Virginia militia
Sent to warn off the French about encroaching on British territory in the Ohio River Valley
French would capture a British outpost named Fort Duquesne, which Washington would later recapture
Governors would provide more troops before Washington surrendered to the French
British attempted to protect colonies preemptively by forming an alliance with the Iroquois Confederacy
British would invite a Iroquois delegation along with colonial representative to Albany
Benjamin Franklin would use this meeting to introduce an Albany Plan of Union to establish a council of representatives from various assemblies to handle defence, trade and territorial disputes
Such deliberation would be overseen by a president general appointed by the British
The meeting would succeed in creating ties among colonial leader but fail to esablish an alliance with the Irqoquois
British rejected Franklin’s plan believing it would undermine royal authority
Some colonies would reject it due to loosing their independence
Iroquois delegation would leave being angered by such a plan without their input
Native Americans would still hold considerable leverage in European Warfare
Delaware, Huron, Miami, and Shawnee nations would ally with the French, hoping to stop British expansion into the Ovio River valley
Iroquois would attempt to win concessions from the British
Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee would all bargain with alternate power (British in Georgia and the Caronlinas, French in Louisana, and Spaniards in Florida)
Some nations (Abenaki) would launch attacks on colonies, ships and seek to establish power in the region
General Edard Braddock would arrive to reinforce the colonies
Braddock would capture Fort Duquesne, with Washington joing as his personal aid
Militias would also be dispatched to fight along the New York and New England frontiers
British would fail due to French having extensive trade networks and powerful native allies
Guerilla tactics mixed with conventional warfare allowed the capturing of several forts and moving troops deep into British territory
Raids would also be encouraged in the New England territory, capturing hundreds of British colonial subjects
Britain would impress new policies to meet demands
Sailors were required for naval warfare int he Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
Royal Navy would force young colonial men in port cities into military service via impressment (forcing men to join)
Many colonists and cities would resist such tactics, and powerful people found it in the best interest to show disdain for such tactics and redirect anger towards British policy
Quartering also became a new policy, in which troops and officers had to be housed in private dwellings, as there were not enough public buildings and harsh winters made camping intolerable
Those who resisted quartering were threatened with violence, further uniting colonists
Prussia would hold the line in Europe while Britain fought the North American War
British troops were able to recapture many critical forts including Duqusne (renamed Fort Pitt)
French efforts would falter as Prussia seized victory in Europe and Britain gained control of Canada
War would continue to drag on
King George 3 would open peace negotiations with france
Peace of Paris would be finalized conceding some British territories
Spain would give up Florida to maintain Cuban and Phillipine colonies, while France would grant Spain everthing West of the Mississippi River
Britisan would establish its control over India, Canada, North America east of the Mississippi, and a number of Carribbean Islands
British victory would encourage 1000s of colonists to move further west into once French lands that were occupied by Native American nations, ignoring their customs and practices
Neolin, a Native American visionary and prophet, preached that contact with Europeans had corrupted them and they must return to their ancient traditions and reclaim their lands
Pontiac would heed such a message and when French retreat began, he would convene a council of Native American leaders stating they must push back the British
Pontiac and his forces would attack Detroit and Fort Pitt along with various other outposts and settlemts
French support never came for such a conflict and efforts to push the British back failed
British would issue that a buffer zone be created on the Appalachian mountains to prevent further conflict
Proclamation Line of 1763 denied the rights of colonists to settle west of the Appalachian mountains, which would frustrate colonists after a long and bloody war
Speculators like Washington would buy up such land stating that it was only meant to appease the Native Americans
Tensions between colonists between England and colonists would increase as a global empire that had been involved in many conflicts and still had to defend new colonies required a lot of money and had a lot of debt
British officials and their colonials subjects coexisted in harmony
Economic growth lead Britain to ignore much of the illegal activities
Local control over political decisions and other things, due to salutary neglect, lead to some Americans seeing
