henretta chapter 5

What British policy towards the colonies ended in 1763? Why?

• Ô  Enlightenment – ideas such as “___________________ __________________,” and “separation of powers”

• Ô  ____________ in Parliament were favorable to colonists Ó Many of these ideas spread rapidly in newspapers and

  pamphlets (______________________________ from chapter 4) Ñ Another Kind of Freedom:

  Ó Many colonists compared themselves to slaves since they did not give consent to British laws

  Ô A few colonists challenged slavery (_________________, James Otis)

  Ñ Parliament and Patriots Square Off Again:

• Ó  Britain repealed the Stamp Act in 1766, passed the

  ______________________ Act:
  Ô Parliament could pass _________ law in the future

• Ó  Charles Townshend Steps In:
  Ô Townshend was not sympathetic to the colonists Ô Townshend Acts:

  Ñ Tax on _________________________________ Ñ Taxes would pay salaries of imperial officials
  Ñ Colonists resisted these taxes as well....

• Ó  A Second Boycott and the Daughters of Liberty:

  • Ô  Nonimportation agreements – refusing to buy British

    goods

  • Ô  Women played a large role – ______________________

    clothing

  • Ô  Ben Franklin advocated returning to ________________

    policies

• Ó  Troops to Boston:

  • Ô  Both the colonists and British dug-in with their beliefs

  • Ô  British troops were sent to ________________ (hotbed

    of resistance) Ñ The Problem of the West:

• Ó  Many colonists favored westward expansion (land speculators, traders, squatters)

• Ó  Britain began to view the ________________________________ as permanent

  Ñ Parliament Wavers:

• Ó  Prime Minister Lord North convinced Parliament to repeal the

  Townshend Acts (tax on tea remained)

• Ó  The Boston Massacre:

  • Ô  British soldiers in Boston worked jobs that colonists wanted

  • Ô  March 5, 1770 – conflict in which Boston troops killed ____ colonists

  • Ô  Colonists used this as ________________ to spread their message

• Ó  Sovereignty Debated:

  • Ô  Most colonists were loyal and _____________________

    ______________________________________________

  • Ô  Rather, they wanted to go back to the days of

    ______________________________________________

Are you seeing a trend in what most colonists wanted in the 1770s?

What was the Olive Branch Petition?

The Road to Independence (1771 – 1776)

Ñ A Compromise Repudiated:

• Ó  Committees of Correspondence – assemblies that were created

  for colonial leaders to ___________________ with one another.

  Another form of ___________________________

• Ó  The East India Company and the Tea Act:

Ô Tea Act (1773) bailed out the East India Company by creating a tax; even though the tea was _____________ than smuggled tea, the colonists were still against it..... Why? _________________________________________

• Ó  The Tea Party and the Coercive Act:

  • Ô  Led by the _________________________________, 342

    chests of tea were dumped into the Boston Harbor

  • Ô  In response, Britain passed the ____________________

    (Intolerable) Acts:
    Ñ Massachusetts must pay for the tea, port of

    Boston was closed, MA charter was voided, and

    town hall meetings were outlawed

• Ó  The Continental Congress Responds:

  • Ô  Formed in response to the Coercive Acts

  • Ô  12 colonies (not GA) sent representatives to have

    ___________________________ and favored a boycott

  • Ô  Most did NOT WANT ____________________________,

    rather the days of Salutary Neglect Ñ The Continental Association:

    Ó Encouraged a third boycott against British goods Ñ Southern Planters Fear Dependency:

    Ó Many VA farmers were in ________ to British merchants Ô VA feared that Britain could punish them like MA

    Ñ Loyalists and Neutrals:

• Ó  Some Patriot leaders (Sam Adams) were accused of serving their

  own interests

• Ó  Loyalists (those loyal to Britain) numbered around 20 percent

  Violence East and West

  Ñ Armed Resistance in MA:

• Ó  Minutemen – Patriots that would warn of conflict with the

  British

• Ó  Lexington and Concord (1775)

  Ô 1st battles against the British, “shot heard around the world”

  Ñ The Second Continental Congress Organizes for War:
  Ó 2nd C.C. – met in May 1775, appointed _____________________

  ________________________ as head of the colonial army

Ó Congress Versus King George:

Ô Olive Branch Petition was rejected by KG3, deemed the colonies to be in a state of rebellion

Ó Fighting in the South:
Ô Britain promised to free __________ that were loyalists;

angered many slave owners and strengthened the Patriot cause in the South