Apush Units 1-7 Review Flashcards

Period 2 Vocab:

New Netherland - established Dutch West India Company for quick profit and fur trade another rival to England in the New World

 Jamestown - the first permanent British colony in the new world established by the Virginia Company

 Chesapeake Bay - George Calvert wanted to create a colony for real estate and refuge for the English Catholics Catholics ended up being a minority leading to the Maryland Toleration Act tension between the Protestant majority and Catholic minority

 tobacco - cash crop grown in the colonies especially Virginia and Maryland and was a major export crop

 indentured servants - primarily White English immigrants who had a contract / indenture that bound them to work for a set period of time to repay cost of traveling and living in Virginia

 New England - Puritans who didn't enjoy life after moving to the Netherlands travel to the new world with the help of the Virginia Company also Drew up the Mayflower Compact

 Puritans - English people who believe the church wasn't reformed enough they wanted to change and purify the church by simplifying warship and reforming the leadership of the church

“city on a hil’” - Governor Winthrop and others founders of the Puritan colony believe they were building a holy Commonwealth for the corrupt world to see and copy

 middle colonies - diverse populations and strong economies based on agriculture and trade New York New Jersey Pennsylvania and Delaware

 Town meetings-  in New England where local citizens gathered to discuss and vote on issues

 Colonial assemblies - legislative bodies were elected representatives made laws and decisions in their regions

 Bacon's Rebellion - bacon relative of Virginia's Governor believes that he and other new Backcountry lands of the West Gentry were being treated unfairly and should be allowed to go west to take more land

 King Philip's War - metacom and other native groups attempted to drive out the English and attacked but settlers won after allying with the mohawks

 head right system - during tobacco economy to entice new workers to Virginia had rights acre grants of land were given to new settlers

 salutary neglect - unofficial policy by England to not strictly enforce trade laws to maintain Colonial loyalty to the crown

 Pueblo Revolt - Native American Uprising in New Mexico to expel Spanish settlers

 Quakers - rejected predestination which is when God already chose who was sent to heaven and original sin that all people are born sinful and thought that you could attain salvation

 Spanish missions- religious communities established by Spanish colonizers to convert natives to Christianity and control lands

 first grade awakening - challenge traditions of power and deference started by Puritans allowed people to break away from families and communities to start a new with their relationships with God

Enlightenment - a product of scientific and intellectual discoveries in Europe that revealed natural laws and promoted human reason

Mercantilism- economic system where Nations believe their wealth and power dependent on accumulating gold and silver through trade and export

 chattel slavery - system we're enslaved individuals were treated as property and had no right

 Navigation Acts - passed by British Parliament to keep Dutch ships out of British colonies made English taxation high and only English ships could trade

 triangle trade - rum and goods were sent from New England to Africa enslaved workers to the West Indies then exchange enslaved for sugar and molasses and then that was shipped back to New England to become rum

 middle passage - the long transatlantic Journey to the Americas or the Caribbean of Africans

 Stoner rebellion - in South Carolina 100 enslaved Seas weapons and killed several whites trying to escape South to Florida

Period 3 Vocab:

French and Indian War/ 7 Years War - was fought between the French and the British to stop French expansion but England kicked France out of North America to establish themselves as the top power

 Proclamation of 1763 - forbade sellers to advance beyond the Appalachian Mountains  to give natives land after the 7-year War

 Treaty of Paris 1763 - the French seated to Great Britain some of their West Indian islands and most of their colonies in India and Canada but Britain had high debt and tax the colonies

 taxation without representation - texting people without giving them a voice in the government

 Benjamin Franklin Stamp Act - interColonial Congress took action against the Stamp Acts and petition to the British government that the colonies could be should be rightfully taxed with their own assemblies

Boston Massacre - mob of Doc workers began pelting centuries at the customs house with rocks and it became a subject of pamphlets

 Boston Tea Party - three companies of 50 men masqueraded as Mohawks and went aboard three ships and opens tea chest to protest Parliament

 coercive acts / Intolerable Acts - Parliament closed the port of Boston and drastically reduced powers of self-government in Massachusetts

 Lexington and Concord - Minuteman were ready to fight and the British marched on Lexington where the supplies were but the colonist told Tales of British atrocities and rallied for the rebel cause

 Patriot - supporters of independ

 loyalist-  Americans still loyal to Britain and the King

 continental army - formed by the Second Continental Congress to fight British forces and protect the colonies

 George Washington - advocate for Independence

 King Philip's War - Native American tribes fought new englanders over disputes of land ownership and white land

 Battle of Saratoga - British retreated to Saratoga where General Gates surrounded them and they surrendered it was proof that America could win the revolutionary war

 Battle of Yorktown - British took up a defense position at Yorktown but surrendered in the world turned upside down as the colonists won the Revolutionary War

 Treaty of Paris 1783 - Americans feared the French Alliance would keep them at War indefinitely and created a treaty with Britain without France so the British occupation forces left

 Abigail Adams - John Adams wife who wrote her husband asking him to be more favorable to women in the new law

 Hessians - German soldiers hired by the British to fight in the American Revolutionary War

 natural rights - fundamental rights every person is born with not granted by the government

 Thomas Paine - wrote Common Sense pamphlet and simple writing to argue that the monarchy is  corrupt

 common sense - Thomas Paine's pamphlet to write about why the American should break away completely from Britain

 Declaration of Independence - the Continental Congress in Philadelphia absolved their allegiance to the British 

Abolitionism - a movement aimed at ending slavery in the United States and promoting equal rights for african-amer

 Republican Motherhood - the idea that woman had an important role in shaping moral and Civic values of their children

 French Revolution - economic struggles in social inequality and Enlightenment ideas fuel discontent with the monarchy so the French a boss their monarchy in Napoleon Bonaparte Rose

 State Constitution's - documents that outline the structures and powers of state governments such as branches

 Articles of Confederation - and unsuccessful plan adopted by Congress for Union this document confirmed the existing system was weak and decentralized

 critical period - a period of time after the Revolutionary War when the US face challenges in government and stability

 Shay's Rebellion - bands of distress Farmers rated taxes periodically

 Constitutional Convention - Gathering of delegates to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

 federalism - power divided between a central or national government and smaller state governments

 separation of powers - true ideas from the French to prevent any single group or tyrannical individual from dominating the government

 Virginia Plan - called for a national legislature of two houses with States represented in both bodies and proportion to their population

 New Jersey Plan - wanted house legislature but it would give Congress expanded powers to tax and regulate commerce

 Great Compromise - created two houses of Congress Senate and House of Representatives for equal representation and population-based representation

 3/5 compromise Dash agreement to determine how safe would be counted as 3/5 of a person for representation and Taxation

 1808 slave trade agreement - law that prohibited the importation of enslaved people to the US

 Federalists before 1791 - supported the division of power between the national and state governments

 Anti-Federalist - what Federalist called their opposition led by revolutionary leaders who believe themselves to be the Defenders of the revolution's true principles

 Federalist Papers - a series of essays widely published in the newspapers throughout the nation to explain the meaning and virtues of the Constitution

 Alexander Hamilton - the most effective advocate of a stronger national government

 James Madison - contributed to the creation of the American Constitution and divides the Virginia Plan

 Bill of Rights - the first 10 amendments of the Constitution

 George Washington - Commander in Chief of the Continental Army and Latin American forces to victory in the Battle of Yorktown set 2 term presidency An advocated for neutrality in foreign affairs

 John adams-second to Washington in the first presidential election became the first vice president

 Federalists - after 1791- wanted to create permanent national debt to motivate wealthy classes to lend money and support to the federal state

 Democratic Republican's - wanted to create partisan influence applauded the French revolution's Democratic and anti-aristocratic spirit

 Thomas Jefferson - most prominent spokesman for the Republican cause and promoted a vision of an agrarian Republic where most citizens farmed their own land

 Whiskey Rebellion - farmers in West Pennsylvania challenge the federal Authority and refuse to pay the new whiskey tax

 Alien and Sedition Acts - empowered the president to imprison and Deport immigrants considered to be plotting against the government

 Northwest Ordinance - laws governing Western settlements to maintain the grid system but abandoned 10 districts so that the territory could be divided into three to five territories

 Jay's Treaty - Jay sent to Britain to negotiate a solution to British assault on American shipping and withdrawal of British forces failed to achieve all these goals but stopped conflict with Britain

 Pekingese treaty - Spain recognize the right of Americans to navigate the Mississippi to its mouth and deposit Goods at New Orleans to reload ocean going ships

 George Washington's Farewell Address - Stress the importance of unity and neutrality

Period 4 Vocab:

Transcendentalism - a philosophical movement in the early 19th century to emphasize individualism and self-reliance

 the market Revolution - transformed the US economy from agrarian to Industrial

 the election of 1800 / Jefferson becomes president - Jefferson usherton a new way in which the federal government would be run without having a bloody transition of power because Jefferson was not a federalist

 Louisiana Purchase - the US had territorial expansion and doubled its size

 Battle of New Orleans and the Treaty of Ghent - there was more national pride that fostered unity and a sense of identity that started the Era of Good Feelings

 Missouri compromised -   Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state but banned slavery in the rest of the Louisiana purchased territory

 Monroe Doctrine - The US would consider any foreign challenge to the sovereignty of existing American nations as an unfriendly Act

 era of the Common Man in Andrew Jackson's election - there was a political Elite of wealthy meal Property Owners but suffrage was now Universal to white males

 Seneca Falls Convention - there was increase awareness for women's rights

 suffrage - the right to vote

 Marbury versus Madison - Landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review so the court was allowed to say laws were unconstitutional

 Andrew Jackson Dash the seventh president of the United States that allowed more males to vote

 Jacksonian Democrats - supporters of President Jackson and the common man who opposed Elites

 Henry Clay - Speaker of the House who devised the American system

Whigs - What anti-jackson forces call themselves

 Second National Bank - stabilize the US economy after the war of 1812

 internal improvements - infrastructure projects to enhance transportation and communication

 Tariff of Abominations Dash protective tariff aimed at boosting Northern Industries by raising import duties

 Market Revolution Dash dramatic economic transformation after a shift from subsistence farming to a more Market oriented Agricultural and industrial economy

 second grade awakening - traditional religious faiths had a dramatic comeback in a series of revivalist waves

 utopian movements examples - brook farm where residents shared labor and leisure time equally, oneida community to reject traditional ntions of family and marriage, shakers who redefined traditional gender roles

 Romanticism - cultural movement that emphasizes nature emotion and individualism

 perfectionism - religious and social movement that emerge from the Second Great Awakening

 Temperance - fight against drunkenness mostly by woman

 gradual emancipation - process that aim to free and save people over time instead of immediately

 John Marshall - the fourth Chief Justice of the US that established judicial review and strengthen Federal power over states rights

 William Lloyd Garrison - founded the Liberator and became a radical opposition of slavery

 Frederick Douglass Dash the greatest black or white abolitionist Born Into Slavery and escaped to England where he lectured about the evils of slavery

 Henry David Thoreau - said each individual should work for self-realization by resisting pressures to conform to society's expectations and respond to their instincts

 Joseph Smith - helped Mormonism begin in Upstate New York and published The Book of Mormon

 interchangeable parts - standardized components that can be easily replaced and Manufacturing to make production faster and cheaper

 separate Spears - the idea that men and women have a distinct role in society that shouldn't cross

 American System - proposed creating a great Home Market By raising protective terrorists strengthening the national bank and financing internal improvements

 cotton gin - a machine that quickly separates cotton fibers from seeds that boosted cotton production

 lowell girls - common in Massachusetts and New England young white woman who worked in textile mills

 Erie Canal - a man-made Waterway connecting the Hudson River to Lake Erie for transportation efficiency

Trail of Tears - the US Army forced many natives to cross hundreds of miles mostly on Foot to Indian Territory

 Indian Removal Act - the white South wanted more land for cotton economy and Congress passed an act to authorize financing of federal negotiations to relocate Southern natives to the West 

Period 5 Vocab:

Popular sovereignty - people living in a territory had the right to decide whether to allow slavery

Comstock load - rich and silver led to a massive influx of people to Nevada and spurred economic growth

 Manifest Destiny - God or fate intended the United States to expand its Dominion across the North American continent

 Mexican American War Dash cause the by the desire for land and annexation of Texas the US gain territories such as  California and New Mexico through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

 old immigrants - the Irish and German who fled poverty or wanted economic opportunities

 nativism - the belief that native born Americans are superior to immigrants

 Free Soil movement - opponents of slavery

 Underground Railroad - is secret network of roots and safe houses to escape to free states in Canada

 secession - the act of estate withdrawing from the union over slavery

 Mexican session - the territory seated to the US by Mexico after the Mexican-American War to fulfill expansionist goals

 Compromise of 1850 - a set of legislative measures aimed at easing tensions between free and slave states following the Mexican-American War, primarily by admitting California as a free state, while allowing new territories like Utah and New Mexico to decide on slavery through popular sovereignty, and also enacting a stricter Fugitive Slave Law to appease the South

Fugitive Slave Act - required citizens to assist in capturing escaped slaves

 Kansas-Nebraska Act - created Kansas and Nebraska with introduced concept of popular sovereignty but repealed the Missouri Compromise that had been slavery in these territories

 Dred Scott decision -  said that slaves were property not people

 second party system - Democrats versus wigs, Increase voter engagement in elections and political rallies

 Republican party - an anti-slavery party emerging from remains of the Wake party and anti-slavery factions

 Abraham Lincoln - the president during the Civil War had the Emancipation Proclamation

 Lincoln - Douglas debates - series of debates during the campaign for the US Senate focus on expansion of slavery

 John Brown - radical abolitionist who believed that armed resistance was necessary to end SLavery

 election of 1860 - Lincoln opposed slavery Douglas wanted popular sovereignty Breckenridge wanted protection of slavery and Bell wanted to preserve the union but Lincoln won without a single Southern State to show the Deep divisions within the US

 Civil War - a conflict between the North Union and Southern Confederacy

 Union - northern states

 Confederacy - Southern States

 Emancipation Proclamation -  Lincoln declared that the enslaved living on the Confederacy would be free but it didn't include Union states

 Gettysburg Address -  Abraham Lincoln emphasized that the Civil War was a fight for the principles of democracy and equality

 reconstruction - rebuilding of the South and integrating formally enslaved into society

 13th Amendment - abolish slavery

 14th Amendment - everyone born in naturalized in the US had an automatic citizenship

 15th amendment Dash forbade States and federal government to deny suffrage on account of race color or previous condition of servitude

 Radical Republicans - Republicans during Reconstruction that wanted strong measures to ensure civil rights and harsh terms on Southern States

 sharecropping - tenants of white landowners that worked rented plots of land and paid landlords for a share of their crops

 segregation - in four separation of people based on race

 compromise of 1877-reconstruction ended with the removal of troops as the south regained control and the rise of white supremacy 

Period 6 Vocab:

Taylorism - a system to improve industrial efficiency

 populism - a political movement to support the rights and power of the common people against the elite

 the Transcontinental Railroad completed - the West and East were linked for faster and Safer travel in western migration was encouraged

 Battle of Little brickhorn Dash a big victory for the Sioux and Cheyenne but the US military efforts for natives was intensified

 Plessy versus Ferguson case - separate but equal Doctrine was ruled as constitutional and led to enforce segregation

 Wounded Knee Massacre Dash US troops killed 300 Lakota Sioux and marks the end of armed native resistance against injustices

 JP Morgan - a powerful American banker and financer that led to the rights in monopolies

 Pacific Railway acts - provided federal loans to railroad companies to help build the Transcontinental Railroad

 trust - legal entities formed when several companies combined their resources to control a market and decrease competition

 American Federation of Labor Dash unions focus on organizing skilled workers to advocate for workers right

 Panic of 1893 - a severe economic depression that began by over speculating in railroads but collapse of  major railroads

 Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives - the book combined text and photos to show how bad the conditions of impoverished immigrants were in tenements

Laissez-faire - minimal government intervention in the economy,  hands off

 Haymarket Riot - A labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour work day that turned violent and created anti-labor sentiment

 New South Dash -the South Post Civil War that aims to modernize the Southern economy and move away from Reliance on agriculture and slavery towards industrialization and diversification

 Pullman Strike Dash a nationwide Railway strike to protest wage cuts and high rents in company-owned housing that led to Federal intervention

 populist party - response to economic struggles of farmers and laborers to address issues like low crop prices high railroad prices and influence of big business  in politics

 Joseph Glidden Dash invented barbed wire in 1873 to revolutionize fencing in  in the agricultural West

 John D Rockefeller - American industrialist and philanthropist that founded the Standard Oil company and dominated the oil industry

 William Jennings Brian Dash an American politician and advocate for populism that wanted to use gold and silver for the increase of money

 Andrew Carnegie - one of the wealthiest men in history and founded the Carnegie Steel company,  the gospel of wealth for the wealthy to use their money to help the public

 Cross of gold speech - Williams Jennings Brian advocated by them tellism that the US should adopt gold and silver to help struggling farmers and laborers

 new immigrants - immigrants to the Us from Southern and Eastern Europe Italy Poland Russia and GREece

 American Bison - a large mammal in North America and the Great Plains that was near Extinction even though it maintained the grassland ecosystem

 political machine - a structured organization that controls political parties in a city or region often using corruption

 consumer culture - societal Trend with more consumption of goods and services driven by mass production advertising and availability of credit

 Little Bighorn - a conflict between the US forces that led to Native Victory and more tension between the US government and tribes

 Homestead Act - encouraged Westward Expansion by providing 168 Acres of public land to settlers for a small fee if they improve the land

 Sitting Bull - A Lakota Sioux Chief and spiritual leader who played a crucial role in Native resistance against US Government policies

 Haymarket Riot - a peaceful labor rally Turned violent in Chicago

 promontory points - the place in Utah where the Transcontinental Railroad was completed

 Boomtown - A rapidly growing town that develops quickly typically from a sudden influx of people seeking economic opportunities

 Gilded Age - rapid industrialization economic growth and social change but also Stark inequalities and political corruption

 social Darwinism - social and economic success is a result of superiority and strong strive to justify laissez-faire capitalism

 Sherman Antitrust Act - a federal law aimed at preventing monopolistic practices and promoting Fair competition in the marketplace

 Gospel of wealth - the wealthy have a moral obligation to use their fortunes for society

 Chinese Exclusion Act - the first significant law in the US to restrict immigration based on nationality and prohibited Chinese laborers and denied them citizenship

 Social Gospel - a religious movement that emphasizes applying Christian ethics to social justice labor rights and the impoverished

 Booker T Washington - an African American educator author and political leader who established the Tuskegee Institution thought that African Americans should focus on employment and economic self-resistance instead of demanding civil rights

 Jane Addams - the co-founder of the hull house

 Ida B Wells - an African-American civil rights activists who had anti lynching campaigns

 settlement homes - community centers established an urban areas to give Social Services to immigrants and low-income families

 Susan B Anthony - A prominent social reformer and women's rights activist known for her role in the women's suffrage movement

Period 7 Vocab:

Progressivism - a reform movement to address social issues caused by industrialization urbanization and political corruption

 anglo-saxonism - the belief that Anglo-Saxon people were Superior and destined to spread their culture

 isolationism - the US prioritized domestic issues and avoided foreign

 New Deal liberalism - didn't you deal expanded government intervention in the economy

 fundamentalism - emphasis on traditional Christian beliefs and reaction to modern science and secularism (a way of life rejecting religion)

Sinking of the USS Maine - the US goes to war with Spain and obtains land to start imperialistic policies

 red summer - there was unrest and economic uncertainty that African-American space from returning soldiers so deep-seated racism was exposed

 Progressive Era - period of time when the US focused on social and political reform

 muckrakers - journalist who exposed corruption social and justices and abuses in politics

 18th Amendment - prohibited the manufacturer's sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the US

 19th Amendment - granted woman the right to vote

 Alice Paul - A prominent women's rights activist and leader of the National Women's party

 Theodore Roosevelt - the 26th president of the United States known for Progressive reforms and conservation efforts

 Square Deal - Roosevelt's domestic program focused on consumer protection natural resource protection and curbing corporate access in the environment

 preservationalist - advocates for the protection of natural areas from human use and development

 conservationist - individuals who promote the responsible use in management of  natural Resources

 national parks - protected areas established to preserve natural beauty wildlife and historical sites

 socialism - political and economic system advocating for Collective ownership and Democratic control of the means of production

 W E B Du Bois - an African-American who co-founded the NAACP and advocated for higher education and political representation for African Americans

 NAACP - an organization to fight for civil rights and eliminate racial discrimination

 1920 census Dash the first time the urban populations outnumbered rural ones in the US

 Great Depression - severe economic downturn and massive unemployment and poverty from the stock market crash

 welfare state - government systems that provide Social Services like healthcare and financial assistance

 Franklin Roosevelt - the 32nd president led the us through the Great Depression and much World War II

 new deal -  a series of programs and reforms initiated by FDR to address the Great Depression and expanded the government's role

 relief recovery reform at - the three primary goals of the new deal

Agricultural adjustment act - part of the new deal that aims to raise crop prices by paying Farmers to reduce production

 Tennessee Valley Authority - and New Deal initiative that developed the Tennessee Valley region which was a previously underdeveloped area

 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation - established as part of the New Deal to ensure banking deposits and restore public confidence in the banking system

 Social Security - provides financial assistance to the elderly unemployed and disable

 Wagner Act - the Labor Relations Act to protect worker rights to unionize and bargain  collectively

 New Deal coalition - a diverse political Alliance forms during FDR's presidency

 Espionage and Sedition Acts - laws passed that restricted free speech targeting anti-war activities from 1917 to 1918

 schneck versus United States - a 1919 Supreme Court case set up how did the Espionage Act and made it illegal to support us enemies

 Great Migration - a movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban north

 red scared - the fear of Communism in the United States after World Wari

  clear and present danger Test - the legal standard after snack versus United States to determine when speech can be limited

 Marcus Garvey Dash a black nationalist who wanted African-Americans to return to Africa for a self-sufficient Nation

 Cinema - became a major cultural force in the 1920s and Silent fioms gave way to talkies

 Harlem Renaissance - cultural rebirth among African Americans and Harlem to celebrate black people

 radio - became a household staple and offered new music and entertainment

 National Origins Act quotas - establish immigration quotas based on national origin but heavily favored Europeans from the north and restricted others

 Scopes trial - also known as The Monkey Trial the legal battle over teaching evolution in schools and pitted science against religious fundamentalism

 Flappers - young woman who Embrace new fashions and attitudes and rejected traditional gender roles

 Dust Bowl - devastating environmental disaster where severe drought and improper farming led to massive dust storms in the Great Plains

 imperialism - the policy of extending a country's power through colonization

 1890 census - the US population count marking the Frontiers end

 Frontier Thesis - Frederick Jackson Turner's idea that the frontier shaped American democracy

Anti-Imperialist League - group opposing us overseas expansion

 Spanish-American War - and conflict between the US and Spain but the US  gained territories and marked its Rises a world power

 Philippine Insurrection - a rebellion by Filipino nationalists against the US control after the Spanish-American War

 Open Door notes - a US policy statement that advocated for equal trade opportunities in China

 Panama Canal - A Major Waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

 Woodrow Wilson - led the us through World War 1 and advocated for the League of Nations even though the US did not enter

 Louis Titania - a British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat

 Zimmerman Telegram Dash a secret German proposal to Mexico for a military alliance against the US during World War 1

 American expeditionary Force - US military forces sent to Europe in World War I that played a crucial role in Allied victory

 allied powers  World War I - us Britain France and Russia and Italy

 Central Powers World War 1 - Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria

 14 points - Woodrow Wilson's post World War I peace proposal

 Treaty of Versailles - a peace treaty that ended World War I but had heavy penalties for Germany

 League of Nations Dash and international organization founded after World War i to promote peace

 Lend lease act - allowed the US to lend or lease military equipment and supplies to Allied Nations during World War II

Pearl Harbor Dash a surprise attack by the Japanese on the US Naval Base in Hawaii

 Allied Powers World War II - U.S Britain Soviet Union and China

 Axis Powers World War II - Germany Italy and Japan

 Rosie the Riveter - a cultural icon representing woman who worked in factors during World War II

 Holocaust - the systematic genocide of 6 million Jews and millions of others by Nazi Germany

 A Philip randolph-c civil rights leader and labor organizer who helped the African American Civil Rights Movement

 executive order 9066-authorized internment of Japanese Americans during World War II issued by FDR

 Cory Matsu versus United States - Supreme Court case set upheld the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II

 island hopping - a military strategy used by allies in the Pacific to capture key Islands while bypassing others

 D-Day invasion - Allied invasion of Nazi occupied France which was the beginning of the end of Nazi Germany because of the liberation of Western Europe

 Dwight D Eisenhower - a five-star general in the US Army that led successful invasions in North Africa and Europe who later became a US president

 Douglas MacArthur - A prominent US general during World War II known for his leadership in the Pacific

 Harry S Truman - the president that succeeded after FDR and made the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki leading to Japan surrender

 rationing - the controlled distribution of scarce resources and goods during World War II that promoted civilian sacrifice and support of the war

 Manhattan Project - a secret us project during World War II to develop the first atomic bombs