Physics Homework Review

Critical Temperature: The temperature above which the attractive forces cannot keep molecules in liquid state.

Flow Patterns:

• Laminar Flow: Fluid moves in discrete cylindrical streamlines.

• Turbulent Flow: Chaotic fluid movement.

Condensation: The process where gas returns to liquid state.

Humidity Terms:

• Absolute Humidity: Actual weight of water vapor in a volume of air.

• Relative Humidity: Ratio of current vapor pressure to the saturation vapor pressure.

Properties of Gases:

• Exhibit flow.

• Minimal molecular attraction.

• Expand to fill their container.

Water Vapor Characteristics:

• Exhibits kinetic activity.

• Exerts pressure.

Equilibrium Condition: Saturation - when gas holds maximum water vapor.

Liquid Pressure Equation: Liquid pressure = liquid depth × liquid density.

Viscosity: Internal force that opposes fluid flow (like friction).

Kinetic Activity Cessation: Absolute Zero (0 K).

Capillary Action: Liquid moving upward in a small tube against gravity.

Evaporation Process: Heat is absorbed from the environment (adjacent air is cooled).

Kinetic Activity Measure: Water vapor pressure.

Gas Behavior with Temperature Increase:

• Increased kinetic activity.

• Increased collision rate.

• Increased pressure.

Diffusion: Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

Gas Solubility Example: CO₂ is more soluble in plasma than O₂ at the same temperature and pressure.

Gas Volume and Pressure: Decreasing gas volume at constant temperature increases pressure.

Poiseuille’s Law Conditions: Pressure increases with increased viscosity and decreased tube radius.

Heat Transfer in Fluids: Occurs primarily through Convection.

Bernoulli’s Principle: As fluid flows through a narrow passage, velocity increases and lateral pressure decreases.