unit 3 notes updates !!!
1. Military Jurisdiction
Military Authority: The right to charge a person with an offense and make a final determination of their case through a court of appeal.
Exclusive Jurisdiction: Only the federal government has the power to make and enforce laws on the land in question. Local, state, or municipal law enforcement authorities have no authority; only military police would respond.
Reciprocal Jurisdiction: This involves the exercise of jurisdiction by one branch of service over a person from another branch of service.
Martial Law: Military jurisdiction exercised over the civilian population in a time of emergency.
Article 7(b), UCMJ: Authorizes any person, under regulations governing the armed forces, to apprehend individuals subject to the UCMJ or trial thereunder, upon reasonable belief that an offense has been committed and that the person committed it.
2. Apprehension Procedures
General Principles: When apprehending, ensure to be: Polite, courteous, and firm.
Basic Steps: Apprehend, handcuff, search, transport.
Transporting Suspects: Notify the dispatcher of the location, number of suspects, name and description of occupants, departure time, destination, arrival time, and odometer readings.
Civilian Detention on Military Installations: Civilians may be detained for offenses committed on military installations where probable cause exists. Detained individuals will ultimately be turned over to local civilian authorities having jurisdiction.
Probable Cause: Must have probable cause that the person has committed an offense for apprehension.
3. Interview Techniques
Purpose of the Interview: The interview process is not an exact science.
Relaxant Questions: Questions that are directly related to the subject.
Control Questions: Questions designed to evoke a known lie, a probable lie, or an emotional response.
Memory and Imagination: Remarks generated from the imagination are tougher to remember than those from experience.
4. Search Techniques and Security Hot Spots
Crime Scene Search Methods:
Concentric Circle Searches: Often used to search single rooms, buildings, and small outdoor areas when evidence has been dropped or placed a specific distance from a crime scene. Can be ever-widening or ever-narrowing.
Zone or Sector Diagram: Used to prioritize areas by importance or by breaking large areas into smaller ones.
Vehicle Security:
Vehicle Hot Spots: Common hiding places on a vehicle that may require increased attention due to their ability to conceal a Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device (VBIED).
VBIED: Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device.
5. Patrol Duties and Preparation
Primary Duties: Assist citizens in dealing with legal, medical, or social problems through direct crisis intervention and/or by making correct referrals to agencies equipped to deal with such problems.
Patrol Preparation: Ensure all material and equipment are on hand to handle various patrol duties. All required forms (e.g., ext{5580/2/3/4}, ticket books, etc.) are on hand.
Intelligence Gathering: Gather all available intelligence and receive pass-down information on events that have occurred or are planned for your patrol area.
6. Escort Procedures
Types of Escorts: Funds are the most common item escorted.
Security Personnel Responsibilities: Security personnel shall not handle the funds.
Briefing: Brief the person being escorted on the route to be followed.
Transportation: The requesting agency provides carrier transportation.
Termination: When the funds are secured, terminate the escort by passing the verification code.
7. Physical Security Clear Zones
Purpose: Clear zones around fences or perimeters should be trimmed or pruned to eliminate concealment for a person lying prone on the ground.
Dimensions:
Inside of the fence clear zone shall be at least 30 feet.
Outside of the fence clear zone shall be at least 20 feet.
Maintenance: Needs to be checked weekly and reported to supervisors.
8. Communication Protocols
Radio Systems: Two types of radios: Conventional and Trunk radios.
Location Requirements: Permanent fixed posts will be provided with at least two means to communicate with the emergency dispatch or other posts/patrols.
Radio Communication Procedures: Use "Over/Out". Use of 10 codes is no longer authorized.
Reporting Aids: Size, Activity, Location, Unit, Time, Equipment (S.A.L.U.T.E.).
Pro-words: "Out" signifies the end of a transmission to you, with no answer required or expected.
Tactical Telephones: Known as Plain Old Telephone System (POTS). Provides secure or unsecured communication in any environment and adds another layer of redundancy to the command's tactical communication.
9. Crime Scene Management and Evidence
Scene Security:
Stay alert; suspects could return or may still be on the scene.
Be aware that suspects may pose as bystanders and try to leave.
Be aware that witnesses to the crime scene may try to leave because they do not want to get involved.
Prevent potential witnesses/suspects from leaving the scene.
Types of Evidence:
Real Evidence: Physical objects, such as clothing, jewelry, weapons, etc. A person’s body may also display or contain real evidence.
Circumstantial Evidence: Evidence which tends to indirectly involve a person in an offense. For example, a witness testifies that although he or she didn't see the accused steal a wallet, he or she found the wallet in the locker of the accused.
Evidence: Anything that can be admitted in court to prove or disprove facts in an issue.
Rules of Evidence (Hearsay Rule):
Not admissible as evidence. However, exceptions to the rule are:
Dying Declaration: A statement made by a person about to die. The statement is not usable unless the person actually observed the crime.
Excited Utterance: A statement made in the heat of the moment due to excitement, shock, or surprise. The statement is admissible in court to prove the truth of matters stated.
10. Force Protection (FPCON) and Sentry Duties
Force Protection Condition (FPCON) Levels: Five levels: Normal, Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta.
FPCON Charlie: Applies when an incident occurs or intelligence is received, indicating some form of terrorist action or targeting against personnel or facilities is likely.
Random Anti-Terrorism Measures (RAM): The goal of a RAM program is to deter, detect, and disrupt terrorist attacks.
Sentry Authority: The authority of a sentry to conduct searches is derived from the Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM) and Military Rules of Evidence (MRE).
NSF Personnel Conduct: Naval Security Force (NSF) personnel shall not carry, display, or otherwise use their official position, credentials, badges, or authority for personal gain or inappropriate influence.
Guard Mount Procedures: A thorough guard mount is essential to establishing the proper mindset in each individual watch stander.
11. Security Perimeters and Threat Awareness
Physical Security Elements:
Gates: Create an opening in a fence, wall, or other enclosure.
Warning Signs: Should be posted to establish and define the security perimeter and Access Control Point (ACP).
Terrorist Planning Phases: Terrorists will normally carry out pre-operational planning, including surveillance, prior to conducting an act of terrorism.
Categories of Security Threats: Mobile, Static (Fixed/Stationary).
12. Sentry Response to Security Breaches and Public Engagements
Initial Response to Breaches: The use of pre-planned responses will aid sentries in performing the initial actions required to deal with attempted breaches of security.
Interacting with "Auditors":
Social movements (First and Second Amendment audits) involve individuals asserting constitutional rights to photograph, film, or openly carry weapons, and observing the response by law enforcement or military personnel.
These people are often confrontational in nature and are referred to as "responding to auditors."
Act with diplomacy and respect when dealing with them.
Bomb Threat Response: When dealing with a bomb threat, secure the access point and report to the Command Operations Group (COG).
13. Legal Framework for Military Law Enforcement
Constitutional Basis:
U.S. Constitution, Article 1, Section 8: Authorizes Congress to make rules for the government and regulation of land and naval forces.
U.S. Constitution, Article 2, Section 2: Provides for the President of the United States to be Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Armed Forces.
Federal Statutes: Laws enacted by the federal government.
Posse Comitatus Act: Means "the power or force of the county." Although the Navy and Marine Corps are not explicitly included in the act, they were made subject to it by DOD Regulation (32 C.F.R. Section 213.2, 1992).
Assimilative Crimes Act (18 U.S.C. 13): This statute uses local laws as gap fillers for federal criminal law. It is not importing state law but is enforcing federal law by incorporating or by applying state law to the offense.
Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM) Structure:
Part 1: Preamble: Explains the nature of military criminal law.
Part 2: Rules for Court-Martial (RCM): Contains the pre-trial, trial, and post-trial procedures for courts-martial.
Part 3: Military Rules of Evidence (MRE): MREs are primarily derived from the Federal Rules of Evidence, modified only to reflect the unique aspects of military law.
Part 4: Punitive Articles: Contains Articles 77 through 134 of the UCMJ.
Part 5: Non-Judicial Punishment (NJP): Provides for lesser punishment without having to go through a court-martial (also known as "Captain's Mast").
Elements of Criminal Offenses:
Criminal Act: The physical act of the crime.
Intent: The mental state or purpose behind committing the act.
Types of Participants:
Perpetrator: One who actually commits the offense.
Accessory Before The Fact: One who counsels, commands, procures, or causes another to commit an offense.
Accessory After The Fact: Received, comforted, or assisted another in some manner in order to hinder or prevent the principal's apprehension or punishment.
Types of Courts-Martial: Summary Court-Martial, Special Court-Martial, General Court-Martial.
UCMJ: Uniform Code of Military Justice.
14. Building Security and Patrol Operations
Advantages: Proactive crime prevention.
Building Check Records: Reporting security personnel shall document all building security checks in the desk journal and report all security violations to a Security Officer (SO).
Responding to Unsecured Buildings: Take cover where you can observe the facility but not be seen or have a silhouette. Once in a covered position, contact dispatch and inform them of the incident, building number, your location, and any other important facts.
Deadly Force and the Triangle
Deadly Force:
Definition: Force that is likely to cause, or that a person knows or should know, would create a substantial risk of causing death or serious bodily harm or injury.
Deadly Force Triangle:
Capability: the ability to do harm.
Intent: words or actions that show willingness to do harm.
Opportunity: range to do harm.
Opportunity, Capability, Intent (examples):
Opportunity – distance/visibility to injure or kill.
Capability – actual means/ability to inflict harm.
Intent – shown will to act harmfully.
Boyd's Decision Cycle (OODA):
Observe: Be aware of surroundings.
Orient: Understand surroundings.
Decide: Determine next action.
Act: Execute action, and do it fast.
Universal Weapon Safety Rules:
Rule 1: Treat every weapon as if it were loaded.
Rule 2: Never point a weapon at anything you don’t intend to shoot.
Rule 3: Keep your finger straight and off the trigger until ready to fire.
Rule 4: Keep weapon on safe until you intend to fire.
Mishap terminology:
Mishap: something bad DID happen.
Near Mishap: something bad almost happened.
Military Ethics and Laws
Obey: Laws, regulations, lawful orders.
Conduct: Manner someone behaves.
DO NOT: Break/Bend laws, ignore a problem.
Report: See something, say something.
Suicide and Intervention:
Suicide Ideation: thoughts, writings, or threats.
ACT (Ask Care Treat):
Ask, Care, Treat.
During suicide telephone calls, stay in contact with caller until first responders arrive.
Gun Card:
OPNAV 5512/2 = GUN CARD.
Firearm exceptions and capabilities (illustrative values):
Expert ribbons for firearms are indefinite, won’t be lost.
M18 Range (pistol):
Capacity: 17 rounds.
Effective: 50\, \text{yards}.
Max Range: 1800 yards
M4/M16 (Rifle):
Capacity: 30\,\text{rounds}.
Max Effective: 500\, \text{yards}.
Maximum Range: 3600\, \text{yards} (depends on ammunition/conditions).
Cycle of Operations (8 stages):
Firing
Unlocking
Extracts
Ejects
Feed
Chamber
Locks
Cock
Shotgun and Ammunition
M500A1 (shotgun):
Capacity: 5+1 (shells in tube + chamber).
Max Effective: 50\, \text{yards}.
Buckshot (BUCK) 12 gauge: 100\, \text{yards} (effective range varies by load and distance).
Slugs:
Maximum Range: 600\, \text{yards} (buckshot typical range).
Slug range: 1100\, \text{yards}.
Force Continuum
Passive subjects:
Level 1 – Presence.
Level 2 – Verbal Commands.
Level 3 – Soft control.
Active subjects:
Level 4 – Hard Control.
Level 6 – Intermediate weapons.
Level 6 – Deadly Farce.
Equipment and Level Allocation:
Expandable Baton: Level 5.
OC Spray (Oleoresin Capsicum): Level 5.
Expandable Baton specifics:
6 parts, 5 blocks, 5 strikes, 3 carries, 2 draws.
Threaded Tip, Friction shaft lock, Retention Collar, Grip, Retention Clip, Replaceable Cap.
OC Spray specifics:
Level 5.
3 draws, 2 carries, 2 stances.
OC Spray Deployment and Effects
Maximum Range (stream pattern): 12\, \text{ft}.
5-step deployment process:
Spray – deploy OC spray.
Command – gain compliance.
Evaluate – check for weapons or need for re-spray.
Control – apprehend suspect.
Check – medically assess; if situation allows, stay with suspect after spray.
Post-deployment procedure:
Stay with suspect for 2\, \text{hours} after spray (if situation allows).
Contamination levels:
Level 1 – Direct Physical Contact.
Level 2 – Indirect Contact.
Level 3 – Area Contamination.
Effects (Physiological and Psychological):
Physiological:
Drying of the eyes.
Burning sensation and inflammation.
Excessive mucus production.
Allergic reaction (more common in general population).
Psychological:
Fear and anxiety.
Effectiveness:
Variety of reactions; most common responses occur within 1-5\, \text{seconds}.
Handcuffs / Flexicuffs
Handcuffs / Flexicuffs (Level 3).
Guideline: Never cuff anyone to a fixed or moving object.
5-step process:
Cuff.
Adjust.
Double lock.
Safety Check.
Immediate grab area.
Reactionary Zone:
4\sim6\, \text{ft} without a gun drawn.
12\sim18\, \text{ft} with a gun drawn.
Movement considerations:
Mach movements use both leverage and momentum.
Interpersonal Communication
LEAPS framework:
Listen.
Empathise.
Ask.
Paraphrase.
Summarise.
Purpose: use effective communication to de-escalate and gain cooperation before force is considered.
Notes: Page references in the transcript (e.g., Page 91) indicate slide order; content has been consolidated into these notes for study purposes.
Hostile intent
(1) The threat of imminent use of force against the United States, U.S. forces, or other designated persons or property.
(2) It also includes the threat of force to preclude or impede the mission and/or duties of U.S. forces, including the recovery of U.S. personnel or vital U.S. government property.
Hostile act
(1) An attack or other use of force against the United States, U.S. forces, or other designated persons or property.
(2) It also includes force used directly to preclude or impede the mission and/or duties of U.S. forces, including the recovery of U.S. personnel or vital U.S. government property.
HPU – Harbor patrol unit
Vessel Entry Control Points – established to conduct vessel inspections, and to maintain positive control of vessels entering/exiting any security zone.
Basic Boat Operation Tactics – single, two boat patrol, combine patrol.
Coxswain- with the exception of coxswain, the crew must be trained security personnel
Command HPU– The harbor patrol unit is a line under either the installation department or the applicable Navy region as a regional.
Assessment Zone- The outermost defense zone, which typically does not have boundaries.
Warning Zone- Security forces must classify contacts in the warning zone as either threats or non threats.
Threat zone- The innermost layer of defense in depth.
NVPZ - NAVAL VESSEL PROTECTION ZONE.
NVPZ – the NVPZ is a civil statutory zone established by the USCG regulations for the safety and security of the US Naval vessels in the navigable waters of the United States.
NVPZ Zone- 500 yard regulated area of water, including a 100 yard exclusion zone surrounding large US vessels.
Patrol Requirements – waterborne patrols are required 24 hours per day
High profile patrol – and over patrol designed to ensure a visible deterrent to an aggressive force and prominent in the area.
Standoff distance – the closest approach to the asset that an intruding vessel will be allowed
Perimeter– The area that will be patrolled, and or actively surveyed pro provides a multi layer, defense posture.
High Value Asset- Any land side of water side acid that is off of high value.
Port - a place at which ships may discharge or receive their car
Incident Reports & Forms
Incident Reports (IR): Every criminal complaint or significant incident brought to Security.
Privacy Act: Must be read to individuals requesting personal identification information during report completion.
NCIS: Centralized repository for DON law enforcement reports, holding them for up to 50 years.
Interview Data:
Individuals must be read their rights.
Provide date, time, and overview of individual interview/interrogation.
Reference any written or recorded statements.
Conclusion & Recommendations: Outline required actions based on interaction and case, recommend further investigation or disposition.
Key Forms (OPNAV 5580 Series):
5580/1 - Incident Report
5580/2 - Voluntary Report
5580/3 - Military Rights Waived
5580/8 - Telephone Threat Complaint (Bomb threat/threat communication)
5580/9 - Command Authorization for Search and Seizure
5580/10 - Affidavit for Search Authorization (obtains 5580/9)
5580/16 - Permissive Authorization for Search and Seizure
5580/17a - Evidence Tag (Tie-on)
5580/17b - Evidence Tag (Stick-on)
5580/22 - Evidence/Property Custody Receipt
CLEOC (Consolidated Law Enforcement Operations Center): Web-based database system providing worldwide access to Navy users, serving as DON criminal justice case management system.
Rights Advisement Overview
Constitutional Basis: The U.S. Constitution establishes a person's rights.
Bill of Rights: The first 10 amendments to the Constitution.
Fifth Amendment: Protects against self-incrimination and ensures due process.
Sixth Amendment: Guarantees a speedy and public trial, and the right to confront accusers.
Eighth Amendment: Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments.
Article 31 B (UCMJ): Provides for the same provisions as the Fifth and Sixth Amendments.
Access Control Point (ACP) Operations
Commanding Officer (CO): Determines the degree of control required for personnel entering or leaving the base.
Access Control Point (ACP): Ensures smooth traffic flow, establishes positive entry control, and manages visitor control.
Portable/Movable Barriers: Barriers that can be easily relocated or may require heavy equipment.
Inspection Area: Needs to be observed from a Crew Served Weapon (CSW) position (person with a heavy-duty weapon).
Approach Zone: The area between the installation boundary and the ACP, prior to arriving at the gate.
Unescorted Access: Requires individuals to establish identity (presenting acceptable credentials) and provide an acceptable purpose for installation access.
Terrorism Threat Awareness
Terrorism Defined: Calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to instill fear, intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies in pursuit of political, religious, or ideological goals.
Terrorist Threat Level HIGH: Anti-US territories are operationally active and use large casualty-producing attacks as a preferred method.
Operational Cell: The action arm of a terrorist group.
State Directed Terrorism: Terrorist groups operating as agents of a government.
Terrorist Planning Cycle Phases:
Phase 2 - Intelligence Gathering & Surveillance: Establishes requirements for additional information on target patterns and vulnerabilities.
Phase 4 - Pre-Attack Surveillance & Planning: Operational cells begin to appear, trained intelligence/surveillance personnel or supporters organize to conduct the operation.
Long-Term Terrorist Goals:
Cause changes in government.
Turn events favorably during civil/guerrilla warfare.
Outlast and demoralize superior military forces.
OPSEC (Operations Security): Process of identifying critical information and analyzing friendly actions/military operations.
US Policy on Terrorist Acts: Views terrorist acts as criminal events.
FPCON CHARLIE: Intelligence indicates terrorist action or targeting against personnel/facilities is likely.
DETER: Create a hard target through Anti-Terrorism (AT) measures, establishing a physical presence that appears impenetrable before threats activate.
RAM (Random Antiterrorism Measures): Not a normal routine for the command.
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
WMD Definition: Designed to cause egregious bodily harm, decapitation, or death. Most destructive weapons.
Chemical Weapons: Designed to cause death or harm through toxic properties.
Vesicant/Blistering Agent: Agents causing blistering of skin/mucous membranes; can be released into air, water, or food.
MOPP 0: Carry Mask, Individual Protective Equipment (IPE) available.
Decontamination Limit: Decontaminate as close to the site of contamination as possible to limit spread.
Protection: Best accomplished through proactive application of passive defensive measures against CBRNE threats.
General Security & Law Enforcement Principles
Formations:
Diamond formation: Used for offense and defense.
Apprehension/Arrest:
Must be on probable cause.
Can only apprehend another military person if on shift, in uniform, and if their military status is known.
Article 7B: Gives power to apprehend.
Special Circumstances:
Arresting a pregnant woman: Positioned in the front.
OC Spray (Oleoresin Capsicum):
Level 2: Spray heads, one person, and another person behind.
Measured in Scoville Heat Units (SHU).
Medical:
Occlusive type of dressing: Creates a seal.
Base Security Elements:
Fence: Based around a base, creates openings/gates.
Approach Zone: Leads to the base.
Highest Priorities: Nuclear submarine.
Warning Shots: Authorized by the CNO (Chief of Naval Operations).
Operational Posture:
Covert: Being sneaky (e.g., giving a fake ID).
Overt: Attempting openly (e.g., jumping a fence).
Communication:
Hot buttons: Trigger words that don't go away.
Diplomacy and respect for auditors approaching.
Types of Individuals Encountered: Compliant, noncompliant, and sneaky.