Human growth and development test 1

1. What is development?

A. A change that only happens in childhood
B. The process of change and continuity across the lifespan ✅
C. Physical growth only
D. Learning in school

2. Which is NOT one of the three domains of development?

A. Biological
B. Cognitive
C. Psychosocial
D. Economic ✅

3. Biological development focuses on:

A. Emotions and relationships
B. Physical changes in the body and brain ✅
C. Moral reasoning
D. Cultural traditions

4. Learning to walk is an example of:

A. Cognitive development
B. Psychosocial development
C. Biological development ✅
D. Moral development

5. Cognitive development involves:

A. Growth of muscles
B. Changes in thinking, learning, and memory ✅
C. Friendships
D. Physical appearance

6. Abstract thinking becomes especially important during:

A. Infancy
B. Early childhood
C. Adolescence ✅
D. Old age

7. Attachment to caregivers is part of:

A. Biological development
B. Cognitive development
C. Psychosocial development ✅
D. Moral development

8. The nature-nurture issue examines:

A. Memory and attention
B. Genetics versus environment ✅
C. Stages versus continuity
D. Personality versus intelligence

9. A child inheriting musical talent is an example of:

A. Nurture
B. Nature ✅
C. Continuity
D. Context

10. Jean Piaget's theory supports:

A. Continuity
B. Discontinuity ✅
C. Universality
D. Nature

11. Which developmental issue asks whether development is universal or culture-specific?

A. Nature-Nurture
B. Continuity-Discontinuity
C. Universality-Context Specific ✅
D. Heritability

12. What is the first step of the scientific method?

A. Conclusion
B. Experimentation
C. Observation ✅
D. Data Analysis

13. A testable prediction is called a:

A. Theory
B. Hypothesis ✅
C. Sample
D. Population

14. A theory is:

A. A random guess
B. An organized explanation of behavior or development ✅
C. A sample group
D. A conclusion

15. A smaller group selected from a population is called a:

A. Theory
B. Sample ✅
C. Variable
D. Cohort

16. Random sampling helps:

A. Increase bias
B. Ensure equal chances of selection ✅
C. Reduce participants
D. Create stages

17. Interviews and surveys are examples of:

A. Physiological measurements
B. Behavioral observations
C. Verbal reports ✅
D. Experiments

18. Watching children on a playground is:

A. Structured observation
B. Naturalistic observation ✅
C. Experimentation
D. Correlation

19. Measuring brain activity with an EEG is:

A. Verbal reporting
B. Behavioral observation
C. Physiological measurement ✅
D. Case study

20. An in-depth study of one individual is a:

A. Correlation
B. Experiment
C. Case study ✅
D. Longitudinal study

21. Which research method can establish cause and effect?

A. Correlational
B. Experimental ✅
C. Case Study
D. Meta-analysis

22. In an experiment, the manipulated variable is the:

A. Dependent Variable
B. Confounding Variable
C. Independent Variable ✅
D. Population

23. Correlation does NOT show:

A. Relationships
B. Associations
C. Causation ✅
D. Trends

24. A correlation of -0.80 is:

A. Weak
B. Strong negative correlation ✅
C. No correlation
D. Positive correlation

25. Which design follows the same participants over time?

A. Cross-sectional
B. Sequential
C. Longitudinal ✅
D. Experimental

26. Which design compares different age groups at one time?

A. Cross-sectional ✅
B. Longitudinal
C. Sequential
D. Case Study

27. According to evolutionary theory, development is shaped by:

A. Natural selection ✅
B. Conditioning
C. Culture alone
D. Stages

28. Who proposed psychosocial stages?

A. Piaget
B. Skinner
C. Erikson ✅
D. Pavlov

29. Learning through observation and imitation is:

A. Classical Conditioning
B. Operant Conditioning
C. Social Learning Theory ✅
D. Evolutionary Theory

30. Who proposed the cognitive-developmental theory?

A. Freud
B. Piaget ✅
C. Erikson
D. Bandura

31. The microsystem in Bronfenbrenner's theory includes:

A. Family and school ✅
B. Culture
C. Government
D. Historical events

32. Heritability refers to:

A. DNA mutations
B. Genetic variation explaining differences in a population ✅
C. Individual genetics
D. Environmental effects only

33. Identical twins share:

A. 25% of genes
B. 50% of genes
C. 75% of genes
D. 100% of genes ✅

34. Adoption studies help separate:

A. Mitosis and meiosis
B. Genes and environment ✅
C. Learning and memory
D. Nature and culture

35. Shared environmental experiences make siblings:

A. More different
B. More similar ✅
C. Unrelated
D. Identical

36. Which process produces gametes?

A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis ✅
C. Fertilization
D. Implantation

37. Mitosis produces:

A. Four unique cells
B. Two identical cells ✅
C. Gametes
D. Haploid cells

38. Which chromosome combination produces a male?

A. XX
B. XY ✅
C. YY
D. XO

39. Passive gene-environment correlation occurs when:

A. Children choose environments
B. Traits evoke responses
C. Parents provide both genes and environments ✅
D. Genes are altered

40. Epigenetics involves:

A. Changing DNA sequences
B. Changes in gene expression without changing DNA ✅
C. Mutations only
D. Cell division

41. A genotype refers to:

A. Observable traits
B. Genetic makeup ✅
C. Environment
D. Personality

42. Observable characteristics are called:

A. Genotypes
B. Alleles
C. Phenotypes ✅
D. Chromosomes

43. Red-green color blindness is an example of:

A. Codominance
B. Incomplete dominance
C. Sex-linked inheritance ✅
D. Mitosis

44. Fetal programming refers to:

A. Genetics only
B. How prenatal experiences influence development ✅
C. Childhood learning
D. Adult personality

45. Chronic maternal stress increases levels of:

A. Dopamine
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol ✅
D. Melatonin

46. Which prenatal stage lasts from conception to implantation?

A. Germinal Period ✅
B. Embryonic Period
C. Fetal Period
D. Neonatal Period

47. During which prenatal period are major organs first formed?

A. Germinal
B. Embryonic ✅
C. Fetal
D. Neonatal

48. The Apgar test is given:

A. During pregnancy
B. At birth ✅
C. At age one
D. During adolescence

49. Which teratogen causes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

A. Tobacco
B. Cocaine
C. Alcohol ✅
D. Rubella

50. What Apgar score generally indicates a healthy newborn?

A. 0–3
B. 4–6
C. 7–10 ✅
D. 1–4