Unit 4 AP AAS

Negritude and the Negrismo Movements - affirmed the influence of African heritage and cultural aesthetics on Afro-descendants throughout the African diaspora; these reinforced each other, both were influenced by the New Negro Renaissance in the US

Negritude - “blackness” in french; was a political, cultural, and literary movement in the 1930s-1950s.

Negrismo - was embraced by Black and mixed-race Latin Americans and celebrated African contributions to Latin American music, folklore, literature, and art

Civil Rights Movement - emerged from the need to eradicate segregation and ensure federal protection of the rights guaranteed by the Reconstruction Amendments and the Civil Rights Act of 1875

Civil Rights Act of 1875 - outlawed racial discrimination in public places

GI Bill of 1944- designed as a race-neutral gesture of gratitude toward American veterans returning from WWII. Provided funds for college tuition, low-cost home mortgages, low-interest business startup loans. These funds were administered locally though, so they were subject to Jim Crow discriminatory practices (they were often disproportionately disbursed to White veterans)

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) - interracial organization that fought discrimination and racial violence primarily through legal campaigns. WEB Du Bois and Ida B Wells-Barnett were among the founders

National Urban League - interracial organization that assisted African Americans migrating from the rural South during the Great migration, helping them acclimate to northern urban life and secure housing and employment

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) - civil rights organization established by Black and WHite students in Chicago; collaborated with other organizations to organize sit-ins, voter registration drives, and the Freedom Rides

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) - established by MLK; coordinated the actions of churches and other local organizations to launch major protests (like the Selma Voting Rights March)

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee - founded in 1960; student-led organization within the Civil Rights Movement that played a role in coordinating and growing student efforts in nonviolent protests against racial segregation and discrimination. Focused on voter registration drives, sit-ins, and Freedom Rides

Freedom Rides - protest segregated transportation practices in the south. There was often violence toward the riders to enforce segregation and this helped to facilitate more national attention