cell structure

Term 1: Cell Membrane
Definition 1: A protective barrier that encloses the cell, separating the cytoplasm from the external environment. It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Term 2: Nucleus
Definition 2: The control center of the cell, containing the cell's DNA and responsible for regulating gene expression and cell division.
Term 3: Cytoplasm
Definition 3: The gel-like substance within the cell membrane that contains all the cell's organelles and other cellular components.
Term 4: Mitochondria
Definition 4: The powerhouses of the cell, responsible for generating energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
Term 5: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Definition 5: A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis, as well as calcium storage and detoxification.
Term 6: Golgi Apparatus
Definition 6: An organelle responsible for processing and packaging proteins and lipids, as well as synthesizing complex polysaccharides.
Term 7: Lysosomes
Definition 7: Organelles containing enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris.
Term 8: Vacuoles
Definition 8: Storage organelles that store water, nutrients, and waste products. In plant cells, the central vacuole helps maintain cell turgor.
Term 9: Cell Wall
Definition 9: A rigid outer layer that provides support and protection to plant cells. It is composed mainly of cellulose.
Term 10: Chloroplasts
Definition 10: Organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose).