DIASS NOTES

DIASS NOTES

• Social Science - more specific and focus on a distinct facet of a Social Phenomenon. Concerned with pursuit of knowledge and truth without considering its practical use. Provide a substantive insight to the understanding of society and of the relationship of individual members and groups within society

• Economics - study of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

• Education

• Sociology - study of human society, relationships and social change

• History - study of human history

• Linguistics - scientific study of language

• Political Science - study of political systems and governments

• Law - study of legal systems in different aspects from people to businesses and environment

• Anthropology - study of people, past and present

• Psychology  - study of human mind and behavior

• Human Geography - the study of relationship between people and places

• Archaeology - study of the human past through recovery and analysis of material culture

• Development Studies - study of evolution of countries from socio-economic, cultural, political and geographical perspectives

• Philosophy - study of the nature of existence

• Internal Relations - study of relationships between nations and cultures

• Cultural Studies - study of diverse cultures

• Applied Social Science - application of social science. Focus on the search for solutions to practical problems.

• Theories

• Concepts

• Methods

• Findings to problem identified in the society

• The 3 Discipline

• Counseling - process of guiding a person during a stage of life when reassessments or decisions have to be made about himself or herself and his or her life course

• Social Work - the practice of social work requires knowledge of human development and behavior; of social, economic, and cultural institutions; and of the interaction of these factors

• Communication - developing knowledge about interactional processes and communicative behavior.

• Counseling - a collaborative effort between the counselor and the client. Professional Counselors help clients identify the goal and potential solution to problems which cause emotional turmoil. It upholds a flexible and creative process whereby counselors modify the approach to the developing needs of the client. Practical Term: counseling happens when a person who is distressed asks for help and permits another person to enter into a kind connection with him/her.

• 2 types of Counseling

• Formal - Professional

• Informal - friends, relatives, family

• Principle of Counseling

• Acceptance - accept the patient with his/her physical, psychological, social, economical and cultural condition

• Empathy - instead of showing sympathy, put yourself in patients shoes and then give reflections

• Communication - should be verbal as well as non verbal should be skillful

• Non-judge - mental attitude - do not criticize or comment negatively regarding patient’s complaints

• Confidentiality - always keep the patient’s name, and the problem strictly secrete and assure the patient about the same.

• Goals of Counseling

1. Development Goals - assist in meeting or advancing the clients human growth and development including social, personal, emotional, cognitive, and physical wellness.

2. Preventive Goals - helps the client avoid some undesired outcome.

3. Enhancement Goals - enhance special skills and abilities.

4. Remedial Goals - assisting a client to overcome and treat an undesirable development.

5. Cognitive Goals - involves acquiring the basic foundation of learning and cognitive skills.

6. Reinforcement Goals - helps clients in recognizing that what they are doing, thinking, and feeling is fine.

7. Physiological Goals -  involves acquiring the basic understanding and habits for good health.

8. Psychological Goals - aid in developing good social interaction skills, learning emotional control, and developing positive self-concept.

9. Exploratory Goals - examining options, testing of skill, trying new and different activities, etc.

• Core Value

1. Respect -  counselor must provide a client unconditional positive regard, compassion, non-judgemental attitude, empathy and trust.

2. Partnership - counselors must foster partnership with the various disciplines that come together to support an integrated healing that encompasses various aspects such as the physical, emotional, spiritual and intellectual.

3. Autonomy - this entails respect for confidentiality and trust in a relationship of counseling and ensuring a safe environment that is needed for healing.

4. Responsible Caring - respecting the potential of every human being to change and to continue learning throughout his/her life, and especially in the environment of counseling.

5. Personal Integrity - counselors must reflect personal dignity, honesty and truthfulness with clients

6. Social Justice - accepting and respecting the diversity of the clients, the diversity of individuals, their cultures, languages, lifestyles, ideologies, intellectual capacities, personalities and capabilities regardless of the presented issues.

• Scope of Counseling

• Adolescent identity, concerns, teen-parent relationships, peer relationships

• Anxiety

• Anger management

• Children’s concerns within the family unit, sibling relationships, school experiences, peer relationships

• Depression

• Family of origin dynamics and issues

• Gender: identity, sexuality, homosexuality

• Grief and bereavement

• Relationships: personal and interpersonal dynamics

• Sexual abuse recovery

• Seniors: challenges, limitations, transitions

• Singles: single, newly single, single through divorce or being widowed

• Spirituality

• Stress management

• Workplace stress and relationships

• Young adult: identity, relationships, vocation

THE PROFESSIONALS AND PRACTITIONERS IN THE DISCIPLINE OF COUNSELING

• Counseling - a process and a relationship between client and counselor. It could be short term (brief counseling) or long term.

• Roles of Guidance Counselor

1. To assist the person or persons client(s) in realizing a change in behavior or attitude, to assist them seek achievement of goals, assist them find help and in some cases,

2. Teaching social skills, effective communication, spiritual guidance, decision making and career choices.

3. Include aiding one in coping with a crisis.

• Functions of Guidance Counselors

1. Helping a client develop potentials to the fullest.

2. Helping a client plan to utilize his or her potentials to the fullest.

3. Helping a client plan his or her future in accordance with his or her abilities, interest, and needs.

4. Sharing and applying knowledge related to counseling such as counseling theories, tools, and techniques; and

5. Administering a wide range of human development services.

COMPETENCIES OF GUIDANCE COUNSELOR

• Guidance counselors have the ability to administer and maintain career guidance and counseling programs. They are capable of properly guiding the students toward becoming and contributing individuals through informed career choices with reference to appropriate bureaus, relevant stakeholders, and national programs, and in light of the available opportunities in the community, the country, and globally.

• Administer career advocacy activities - facilitate conduct of career advocacy in collaborations with career advocates and peer facilitators.

• Culley and Bond (2004)

1. Attending and listening skills - refer to active listening

2. Reflective skills - these skills are concerned with the other person’s frame or reference

3. Probing skills - these skills facilitate going deeper, asking more directed questions.

• Communication skills - include the ability to actively listen, demonstrate understanding, ask appropriate questions, and provide information as needed.

• Motivational skills - these skills are the ones that influence a helpee to take action after the helping session or consultation. There is an old saying “You can lead a horse to water but you can’t make it drink.”

• Problem - Solving skills - these include differentiating between symptoms and the problem, pinpointing probable cause and triggers for the problem, and then generating a range of possible solutions to the actual problem.

• Conflict resolution skills - these involve learning about styles of conflict resolution. It also includes recognizing the signs of it and learning the process of conflict resolution.

• Areas of Specialization where Counselors Work

1. Child Development and Counseling - includes parent education, pre-school counseling, counseling in mental health agencies, and counseling

2. Adolescent Development and Counseling - covers middle and high school counseling, psychological education, career development specialist, adolescent counseling in mental health agencies, youth work in a residential facility, and youth probation officer.

3. Gerontology - considered as the fastest growing field and essentially involves counseling of older citizens

4. Marital Relationship Counseling - includes premarital counseling, marriage counseling, family counseling, sex education, sexual dysfunction counseling, and divorce mediation.

5. Health - offers for possibility for nutrition counseling, exercise and health education, nurse counselor rehabilitation counseling, stress management counseling, holistic health counseling, anorexia or bulimia counseling, and genetic counseling

6. Career/lifestyle - guidance on choices and decision making pertaining to career or lifestyle

7. College and University - college student counseling, student activities, student personnel work, residential hall or dormitory counselor and counselor educator

8. Drugs - area of specialization has several option such as substance abuse counseling, alcohol counseling, drug counseling, stop smoking - program manager and crisis intervention counseling

9. Consultation - covers agency and corporate consulting, organization development director, industrial psychology specialist, and training manager

10. Business and Industry - include training and development personnel, quality work-life or quality circles manager, employee assistance programs manager, employee career development officer, affirmative action, or equal opportunity specialist

11. Other specialties

• CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

1. Educational and school counselors

2. Vocational or career counselors

3. Marriage and family counselors

4. Addictions and behavioral counselors

5. Mental health counselors

6. Rehabilitation counselors

7. Genetics counselors

• RIGHTS, RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACCOUNTABILITIES OF COUNSELORS

• They are protected

• They are governed by scientific theories, practices and processes as well as professional standards and ethics

• They are responsible for the practice of their profession in accordance with their mandates and professional guidelines and ethics

• They are accountable to their clients, the professional body and the government

• CODE OF ETHICS - INSTITUTE OF GUIDANCE COUNSELOR’S CODE

• Principle 1: Respect for the Rights and dignity of the client

• Principle 2: Competence

• Principle 3: Responsibility

• Principle 4: Integrity

• Fundamental Principles

1. Respecting human rights and dignity

2. Respect for the client’s right to be self-governing

3. A commitment to promoting the client’s well-being

4. Fostering responsible caring

5. Fair treatment of all clients and the provision of adequate services

6. Equal opportunity to clients availing counseling services

7. Ensuring the integrity of practitioner - client relationship

8. Fostering the practitioner’s self-knowledge and care for the self

9. Enhancing the quality of professional knowledge and its applications

10. Responsibility to society

CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES

• Individuals and groups of people who receive service from various counseling professions constitute clientele and audiences.

• Characteristics of the Clientele and Audiences of Counseling

1. Neurotic - a long term tendency to be in a negative emotional state. Ex: Sad, guilty, worry, fear, etc.

2. Psychotic - are severe mental disorder that makes people lose touch with reality cause by abnormal thinking and hallucination

3. Personality Disorder - it involves a long-term pattern of unhealthy and inflexible thoughts and behavior.

• Need of Various Type of Clientele and Audiences of Counseling

1. School Guidance and Counselors - provide the need for personal guidance by helping students seek more options and find better and more appropriate ones in dealing with the situations of stress or simply decision making.

2. Conflict management providers - provide the need for principles and theory based approaches to deal with conflict and de escalate it, if not resolve positively.

3. Job hunting coaches - provide avenues for people to find necessary information and get employment that is suitable to them.

4. Bereavement Counselors - professional respond to the need to be helped to go through loss, such as death in the family, in a way that will help prevent depression and other unhealthy ways of dealing or coping with such as loss as committing suicide or giving up on his life

5. Marriage Counselor - provide the need of conflict resolution skills to parties, couple, and children with various stresses and issues threaten their unity coexistence.

6. Drug abuse and Rehabilitation Counselor - meet the need to help to overcome their problems or mitigate some of the most negative effects of drugs.

7. Human Resource Personnel - provide the needs common to all workplaces and they are employed in almost all workplaces to deal with various employee needs that cover aspects of remunerations, social services, compensations, conflict resolutions and discipline.

• THE INDIVIDUAL AS CLIENT OF COUNSELING

1. Individual needs capacitation

2. Includes those who need help in managing a life changing situation, personal problem or crisis

• THE COMMUNITY AS CLIENT OF COUNSELING

1. Generally conducted to prevent a problem and assist in setting prevention programs in different communities

2. People are not only taught what is right and wrong but also how they can live their lives happily and peacefully

3. A form of counseling in which different counselors work with families, individuals, couples and also communities in one or the other way.