Industry shifted from wartime to consumer product manufacturing. * Internet (1990s): Connected people globally. * Americanization: The United States remained an influential culture, leading to resentment due to perceived dilution of other cultures. * 21st Century: American consumer culture seen as a "throwaway culture" due to waste and pollution. * English Language: * Spread through the British Empire and American media. * About 300 million people in China learning English in the early 21st century. * Corporations moved call centers to India and the Philippines. * New English usages emerged, like "prepone" in Indian English. ### Global Brands and Commerce * Multinational corporations: Advertised and distributed products, creating global brands (Apple, Nike, Rolex). * Interbrand: Ranks top global companies based on financial performance and influence. * Online commerce: Globalized shopping through platforms like Amazon, Alibaba, and eBay. * Sales Taxes: Online retailers must navigate various sales tax laws. ### Global Influences on Popular Culture * Indian musicals (Bollywood): Gained worldwide popularity, blending film styles. * Bollywood: The film industry in Bombay (Mumbai). India makes more films than any other country. * Japanese animation (Anime): Hugely influential; 60% of global animated TV shows in 2016 were anime-based. * Anime Introduction: "Akira" introduced anime to American culture in the 1980's and shows like "Pokemon" and "Dragon Ball" brought Anime into the American mainstream in the 1990's. * Reggae Music: Jamaican genre blending New Orleans jazz, rhythm and blues, and mento, associated with Rastafari and Pan-Africanism. * K-Pop: Korean music blending Korean and English, boosting South Korean exports. * Internet-based streaming: YouTube and Vimeo helped popularize K-Pop and other styles. ### Social Media and Censorship * Social Media Platforms: Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat have transformed communication. * Dual Nature: These platforms can both inspire and manipulate. * Government Censorship: Some countries like China have banned external social media, using censored local platforms like WeChat, Weibo, and YuKu. ### Global Culture in Sports * Olympic Games: Reflected internationalism since 1896; Rio Olympics in 2016 attracted 3.6 billion viewers. * Soccer (Football): The most popular global sport due to minimal equipment needs. * World Cup: Rivals the Olympics as a global event. * Basketball: Became global with international players in the NBA; increasing international media coverage. * Global Players: In 2018, 27% of major league baseball players were foreign-born. * Women in sports: More accessible globally, with Muslim female athletes competing in hijab, adapting athletic wear. ### Global Culture and Religion * New Religious Developments: Globalization promoted. * Hari Krishna Movement: Popularized after George Harrison's song; based on traditional Hindu scriptures. * New Age Religions: Revived forms of Buddhism, shamanism, and Sufism for a Western audience. * Falun Gong: Movement in China based on Buddhist and Daoist traditions, later restricted by the government. * Religious Affiliation: While most people identify with a religion, an increasing number of younger people identify as nonbelievers. ### Key Terms * Culture: Arts * consumer culture * modernism * popular culture * Bollywood * anime * reggae * K-pop * Society: Belief Systems * Hari Krishna * New Age * Falun Gong * nonbelievers * Culture: Sports * Olympic Games * World Cup * National Basketball Association (NBA) * Society: Influences * Americanization * Malala Yousafzai * throwaway culture * Technology: Commerce and Entertainment * global brand * streaming video * online commerce * social media