Communication Strategies

Why do People communicate?

  • To Maintain and establish a relationship
  • To find meaning in what they do daily
  • To know oneself

Note: Successful communication requires understanding, but sometimes we encounter problems because of different factors.

Communicative Strategies

  • These are language learners ==use to overcome communication problems== in order for them to convey their intended meaning.
  • According to Cohen 1990, Communicative Strategies must be used to start and keep the conversation going.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES:

  1. Nomination
    • Proposing or Suggesting a topic with the people you are communicating to.
    • It is the Beginning or Opening of a conversation.
  2. Restriction
    • Limiting the topic or subject in conversation.
    • This only happens when the person wants to focus on a certain aspect of the topic being discussed due to some limiting factors.
  3. Turn-Taking
    • People decide who will take the conversation floor.
    • Allowing others to speak.

       Turn-Taking Strategies: * Speak, then ask * Use conjunctions * Avoid interruptions * Consider fluency over accuracy

  1. Topic Control
    • regulating or manipulating the topic of the conversation and how long we want the other person may talk.
  2. Topic Shifting
    • Changing the subject in a conversation, moving from one topic to another.
    • done without announcing the change of the topic and keeping the communication.
  3. Repair
    • The correction by the speaker of a misunderstood utterance.
    • How the speaker addresses the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.
4 Varieties of Repair Sequence

  1. Self-Initiated and Self Repair

    • both initiated and carried out by the speaker.

  2. Other-Initiated and Self-Repair

    • initiated by the recipient, the repair is carried out by the speaker.

  3. Self-Initiated and Other Repair

    • speaker initiated the receiver to repair the trouble.

  4. Other-Initiated and Other-Repair

    • receiver initiates and carries out the trouble

  5. Termination

    • ending the conversation or closing up a discussion
    • refers to the conversation participant’s close initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation.