Why do People communicate?
- To Maintain and establish a relationship
- To find meaning in what they do daily
- To know oneself
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Note: Successful communication requires understanding, but sometimes we encounter problems because of different factors.
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Communicative Strategies
These are language learners ==use to overcome communication problems== in order for them to convey their intended meaning.
According to Cohen 1990, Communicative Strategies must be used to start and keep the conversation going.
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TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES:
Nomination
- Proposing or Suggesting a topic with the people you are communicating to.
- It is the Beginning or Opening of a conversation.
Restriction
- Limiting the topic or subject in conversation.
- This only happens when the person wants to focus on a certain aspect of the topic being discussed due to some limiting factors.
Turn-Taking
Topic Control
- regulating or manipulating the topic of the conversation and how long we want the other person may talk.
Topic Shifting
- Changing the subject in a conversation, moving from one topic to another.
- done without announcing the change of the topic and keeping the communication.
Repair
- The correction by the speaker of a misunderstood utterance.
- How the speaker addresses the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.
4 Varieties of Repair Sequence
- Self-Initiated and Self Repair
- both initiated and carried out by the speaker.
- Other-Initiated and Self-Repair
- initiated by the recipient, the repair is carried out by the speaker.
- Self-Initiated and Other Repair
- speaker initiated the receiver to repair the trouble.
- Other-Initiated and Other-Repair
- receiver initiates and carries out the trouble
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- Termination
- ending the conversation or closing up a discussion
- refers to the conversation participant’s close initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation.
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