Communication Strategies

Why do People communicate?

  • To Maintain and establish a relationship
  • To find meaning in what they do daily
  • To know oneself

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Note: Successful communication requires understanding, but sometimes we encounter problems because of different factors.

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Communicative Strategies

  • These are language learners ==use to overcome communication problems== in order for them to convey their intended meaning.
  • According to Cohen 1990, Communicative Strategies must be used to start and keep the conversation going.

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TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES:

  1. Nomination
       * Proposing or Suggesting a topic with the people you are communicating to.
       * It is the Beginning or Opening of a conversation.
  2. Restriction
       * Limiting the topic or subject in conversation.
       * This only happens when the person wants to focus on a certain aspect of the topic being discussed due to some limiting factors.
  3. Turn-Taking
       * People decide who will take the conversation floor.
       * Allowing others to speak.

       Turn-Taking Strategies:
     * Speak, then ask
     * Use conjunctions
     * Avoid interruptions
     * Consider fluency over accuracy

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  1. Topic Control
       * regulating or manipulating the topic of the conversation and how long we want the other person may talk.
  2. Topic Shifting
       * Changing the subject in a conversation, moving from one topic to another.
       * done without announcing the change of the topic and keeping the communication.
  3. Repair
       * The correction by the speaker of a misunderstood utterance.
       * How the speaker addresses the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.
4 Varieties of Repair Sequence
  1. Self-Initiated and Self Repair
       * both initiated and carried out by the speaker.
  2. Other-Initiated and Self-Repair
       * initiated by the recipient, the repair is carried out by the speaker.
  3. Self-Initiated and Other Repair
       * speaker initiated the receiver to repair the trouble.
  4. Other-Initiated and Other-Repair
       * receiver initiates and carries out the trouble

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  1. Termination
       * ending the conversation or closing up a discussion
       * refers to the conversation participant’s close initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation.

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