Communication Strategies

Why do People communicate?

\ Note: Successful communication requires understanding, but sometimes we encounter problems because of different factors.

These are language learners ==use to overcome communication problems== in order for them to convey their intended meaning.
According to Cohen 1990, Communicative Strategies must be used to start and keep the conversation going.

Nomination * Proposing or Suggesting a topic with the people you are communicating to. * It is the Beginning or Opening of a conversation.
Restriction * Limiting the topic or subject in conversation. * This only happens when the person wants to focus on a certain aspect of the topic being discussed due to some limiting factors.
Turn-Taking * People decide who will take the conversation floor. * Allowing others to speak.

Turn-Taking Strategies: * Speak, then ask * Use conjunctions * Avoid interruptions * Consider fluency over accuracy

Topic Control * regulating or manipulating the topic of the conversation and how long we want the other person may talk.
Topic Shifting * Changing the subject in a conversation, moving from one topic to another. * done without announcing the change of the topic and keeping the communication.
Repair * The correction by the speaker of a misunderstood utterance. * How the speaker addresses the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.

Self-Initiated and Self Repair * both initiated and carried out by the speaker.
Other-Initiated and Self-Repair * initiated by the recipient, the repair is carried out by the speaker.
Self-Initiated and Other Repair * speaker initiated the receiver to repair the trouble.
Other-Initiated and Other-Repair * receiver initiates and carries out the trouble

Termination * ending the conversation or closing up a discussion * refers to the conversation participant’s close initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation.