Cellular respiration ( Catabolic)

Occurs in cytosol and mitochondria to catabloise orangic compounds aerobically/anaerobiliccally in from of ATP

1. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, including the presence or absence of oxygen and their respective energy yields.

Anaerobic respiration → fast short pace quick/small energy

• no oxygen

Aerobic respiration → slow long pace alot of energy

• oxygen

2. Outline the chemical processes of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron transport chain

First step: Glycolysis ( Anaerobic))

Location: cytosol

Reactants: 1 glucose

Products: 2 pyruvate and lactic acid (cramps)/

(gets stored in liver but in the presence of oxygen it goes into aerobic respiration) (if no O2)

ATP yield: net gain of 2 (needs 2 atp ut gains 4 atp)

• Oxygen not required

The rest are Aerobic

Pyruvate oxidation → before entering next stage (precursor)

• occurs in mitochondrion

• no atp in this process

• need oxygen

Second Step: Kerbs ( citric acid cycle)

location: outer membrane (matrix)

Reactants: 2 acetyl CoA ( therfore cycles twice)

Products: 2 CO2, 3.NADH, FADH2 ( of one)

ATP yield: Net gain of 2 (1 per cycle)

• Oxygen - occurs with

Third Step: Electron transport chain

Location: mitochondria - inner surface

Reactants: NADH and FADH2 → produces during kerbs and glycolysis

Product: H2O

ATP yield: net gain of 26-34

• oxygen required

Side note:

• ATP: Energy +ADP + Pi /=/ ATP + H2O

3. Outline the different end products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration

4. Explain how ATP is used in the body as a source of energy

   60% of energy released as heat → body tempreature (homeostasis)

   40% of energy incorporated into ATP

   • Building complex molecules

   • Cell division and growth

   • Movement of cell orangelles

   • Movement of whole cell

   • Maintaing cell organisation

   • Active transport

   • Transmission of nervim

• ALl anabolic reaction reactions require catabolism of form of ATP to ADP