American History Semester 1 FINAL Flashcards | Quizlet

iroquois
a combo of the 5 tribes living in the Northeast that agreed to be peaceful, clan mothers held power

matrilineal
ancestral lineage traced through females

subsistence farming
farming enough to survive with no extra

Roanoke
colony started in NC by Sir Walter Raleigh but got abandoned quickly

Spectral Evidence
when witnesses claim they had a dream or vision about the accused

2nd Continental Congress
-When all 13 representatives met

-most not in favor of independence

-put together an army with Washington in charge

-sent ambassadors to countries in Europe

Declaration of Independence
-had to be unanimous for independence

-approved and signed by John Hancock on July 4, 1776

-all colonies signed on August 2, 1776

Shay's Rebellion
farmers rebelling on taxes by storming courthouses and attacking the capitol

Article 1
Legislative Branch

Article 2
Executive Branch

Article 3
Judicial Branch

Article 4
Relations among states

Article 5

Amending the Constitution

Article 6
National Govq over State

Article 7
Ratification of the Constitution

Precedents
Washington defined the roles of the executive departments

Judicial Review
the ability of the court to declare a legislative or executive decision unconstitutional

Corps of Discovery
what the Lewis and Clark Expedition was also known as

Impressment
British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service

Embargo Act of 1807
forbade any trade relations with Britain and France

War Hawks
radicals who pushed for war and were from the West and South

Treaty of Ghent
treaty that ended the war of 1812 (Treaty of Peace)

Era of Good Feelings
When James Monroe was president and there was very little strike for 8 years

Monroe Doctrine
When the U.S. gained Florida and the boundary line between Spanish territory and the United States was established

Missouri Compromise
Added Missouri and Maine as states to keep the balance of the slave states

Tallmadge Amendment
gradually freed slaves in Missouri

Spoils System
-ended permanent, non-elected office holding people

-gave people government jobs based on party loyalty

-fired a large number of federal employees

Caucus System
members of congress from each party meeting and choosing the candidate

nominating conventions
where delegates from each state gather to choose the nominee for each party

tariff of abominations
-increased the tariff on imports to 49%

-pushed for the by the North

indian removal act
authorized the president to grant land to west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders

Trail of Tears
the five civilized tribes traveling to Oklahoma in awful conditions where many died of disease, hunger, and cold

Panic of 1837
-Van Buren in office

-many banks and businesses failed

-farmers lost land

-unemployment soared

Webster-Ashburton Treaty
drew a border between Canada and Maine

3/5 Compromise
-slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person

-gave south an advantage until Civil War

Abolitionists
those who opposed slavery

slave codes
-purpose was to govern slaves

-passed because of fear of slaves

underground railroad
-a system of shelters for escaped slaves to get aid in fleeing

-started in Philadelphia in 1800

conductors
people who ran slave shelters

uncle tom's cabin
40+ part installment that was published as a 2 volume book in 1852 that shared the truth about slavery

popular sovereignty

government based on consent of the people

know nothing party
-anti-immigrant political party

-very secretive

-conspired a counterattack for a catholic revolution

-got control of many state governments

secession
-withdrawing formally from membership of a federation

-(11 southern states did this to the Union, leading to the Civil War)

Jefferson Davis
United States Confederate President from 1861 to 1865

Anaconda Plan
Norths plan to surround the South (and squeeze) to win the Civil War

Emancipation Proclamation
issued by Lincoln to free Southern states that weren't border states

Habeas Corpus
the government has to tell you why you were arrested (Abe Lincoln suspended it)

Coastal Northwestern
Got most of their food from the ocean

Inland Northwestern
Hunter Gatherers with winter villages

Southewestern
Diverse region with distinct gender roles

Plains
Utilized buffalo for all aspects of life

Southeastern
Culture destroyed by Europeans

Northeastern
Form tribal confederations

Vikings
first Europeans to arrive in America

India
Where did Columbus think he landed when he arrived in Hispaniola?

they were digusted
What did the Native Americans think of the Europeans' culture and way of life?

They thought he was a god
What did the Native Americans think of Hernan Cortes?

Hunger
what was the real enemy of the Jamestown colonists?

they were looking for gold and other riches
What were the 2 reasons people came to America?

Anglo-Powhatan War
-Powhatan chief grew tired of English and laid siege to Jamestown

-Called the Starving Time

-Chiefs daughter Pocahontas was captured

-English won but negotiated peace

Spain
US aquired Florida from?

John Quincy Adams vs Andrew Jackson
candidates in election of 1824

they wanted washington to be the only unanimously elected president
Why was Monroe not elected unanimously in his 2nd term?

warned European powers not to interfere with the affairs of the Western Hemisphere
What did the Monroe Doctrine do?

1. established transportation
2. pass a protective tariff against Europe
3. revive the National Bank

What were the 3 parts of the American System?

False
T or F- Andrew Jackson won the election of 1824

spoils system
appointing cabinet secretaries is part of…?

increasing voter turnout
what was the goal of changing to nominating conventions?

Negative
What was the South's opinion of the Tariff of Abominations?

True
T or F- Jackson prevented a civil war by insisting that federal laws were more powerful than state laws

False
T or F- Jackson thought the only solution to the Native American problem was genocide

Southeast-Oklahoma
Where were the Native Americans being moved from and to?

potlatch
a very large ceremonial feast that people redistributed surpluses to lower classes

quartering act
act that required the colonists to give the British soldiers housing

sugar act
Britian taxed the colonists for sugar and molasses

stamp act
said colonist must buy stamps for all printed materials

townshend acts
placed taxes on paint, glass, lead, paper and tea

Boston massacre
a mob taunted British soldiers and the British fired and it quickly turned into chaotic slaughter

tea tax
placed taxes on tea

Boston Tea Party
an american protest where they dumped British tea overboard shops to protest the taxes

intolerable acts
laws aimed to punish Massachusetts for the outcome of the Boston Tea Party

Virginia Dare
Who was the first European born in American in Roanoke NC?

Pocahontas

married an englishman which soothed relations between Native Americans and the English

Salem Witch Trials
Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Afterwards, most of the people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a terrible mistake.

Lexington and Concord
-first battle of American Revolution

-"shot heard round the world"

-British retreated

Battle of Bunker Hill
Americans take Breed and Bunker's Hill in one night and then British attack three times and cause Americans to retreat because they ran out of ammo

Battle for NYC
-Took place of Long Island

-Washington loses 1,000 and retreats to Manhattan

-Howe drives Washington out of NYC

Trenton and Princeton
-British army settled for the winter

-Washington crossed the Delaware river and successfully attacked on Christmas Eve

-Drove the British away when British reinforcements arrived

Battle of Saratoga
-American victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution

-General Howe's troops never came

-General Horatio Gates attacked British

-10 days later British surrendered

-Resulted in French joining US

Southern Campaign
-British capture Philadelphia

-Americans wintered at Valley Forge

-Baron Freidrich von Steuben, a Prussian military officer tuned American mob into an army

Battle of Yorktown
-French navy block Cornwallis's army in Yorktown peninsula and after a month long siege, Cornwallis surrendered to Americans on Oct. 19

-last major military action of the war

Revise the Articles of Confederation
What was the original purpose of the Constitutional Convention?

No electoral college winner
What was the problem of the election of 1800?

Wanted the Mississippi River for economics
Why did the US want the Lousiana Territory?

House of Representatives
Who resolved the election of 1800?

No Constitutional authority
What is an issue Congress had with the Louisiana Purchase?

$15 million
How much did the US spend on Louisiana?

Opened up the West to settlement
What was the significance of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

America
Who did the Embargo Act end up hurting?

they were tired of being humiliated
Why did the War Hawks want to go to war?

Fight and cross a river
What did the militia near Queenston refuse to do?

Detriot
What city surrendered without a fight in the War of 1812?

True
T or F- James Madison helped command a battle near Washington DC in the War of 1812

Baltimore
In what city was the national anthem written?

New Orleans
What battle saved the West even though it took place after the treaty was signed?

Whiskey Rebellion
rebellion that showed the strength of the new federal government since Washington led a military force to put it down

impressment
kidnapping of american sailors to staff the British navy

Quasi-War
naval fight with France where war was not declared

Virginia Plan
Favored by large state, wanted representation determined by population

NJ Plan
Favored by the small states, wanted representation equally divided amongst the states

Articles of Confederation
Americas first attempt at government

Adams-Onis Treaty
Gave the US Florida

Webster Ashburton Treaty
Settled the border between Maine and Canada

Tallmadge Amendment
Tried to make Missouri gradually free its slaves

Missouri Compromise
Added Maine and Missouri to the US as states

Gadsden Purchase
Settled the border of the US and Mexico

State
Which law did John C. Calhoun think should be supreme?

Hated it
What did Jackson believe about Nullification?

Kill them
What did most people in the US want to do with the Native Americans?

Nothing
What did Van Buren do about the economy collapse in 1837?

William Henry Harrison
Who has the short term of any president in history?

True
T or F- Texas was its own country who had achieved independence from Mexico?

Mexico
Who attacked first in the Mexican-American war?

California
Where was the Bear Flag Revolt?

America
In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo, who got more land out of the deal?

Corrupt Bargain
What was the election of 1824 known as?

Erie Canal
What connected the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean across New York State?

railroad
The Gadsden Purchase was bought in order to give land to America to build what?

Triangular Trade
A system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa

Patriots
supported rebels (rural folk, New Englanders, Virginians)

Loyalists
supported the British army (city dwellers, Native Americans, African Americans)

Terms of Treaty of Paris
-Spain received Florida from Britain

-Americans received independence

-All lands between Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes are American Territory

he never occupied the White House
What can Washington claim about his election that no other president can?

1. Importance of Unity
2. The Worst Enemy of Government is Party Loyalty over Nation
3. Danger of Foreign Affairs

What 3 things did President Washington warn about in his farewell address?

XYZ affair
-Adams sent 3 delegates to France in response to France's decree to negotiate a deal

-French minister refused to meet unless paid $12 million loan ad $250,000 bribe

-wanted apology for Jay's Treaty

-Delegates refused to deal with Talleyrand and left

Alien Enemies Act
If war breaks out, president can deport enemy aliens

Alien Friend Act
Allows president to deport any aliens

Sedition Act of 1798
-prevented publishing or saying anything against the federal government (could be imprisoned up for 2 years)

-went against the freedom of speech in the constitution

Burning of Washington
-british burned the capitol buildings and then were assaulted by 2 thunderstorms with 2 tornadoes

-Developing transportation networks

-Establishing a protective tariff

-Reviving the National Bank

What were the 3 parts of the American system?

Retaliatory tariffs
Why was the South scared of the Tariff of Abominations?

Nullification Crisis
A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the state of South Carolina to nullify a federal law - the tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress.

Present day California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, and parts of Arizona and Colorado
What territory was added due to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo?

Parts of Arizona and New Mexico
What territory was added due to the Gadsden Purchase?

worked in fields and tended the animals
Male role of slaves

worked in the kitchen and kept up the house
Female role of slaves

Worked on their own houses
what did slaves do in their free time?

didn't want them taxed
Why did the North not want slaves counted?

larger number of reps
Why did the South want the slaves counted?

govern the conduct of the slaves
Why were the slave codes passed?